Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
How do beta-lactams in this category work?
Beta-lactams bind to enzymes that cross-link NAM subunits
True or False: Taking antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis like tetracyclines carries no risk of toxicity because humans do not have 70s ribosomes.
False
How do antimicrobials in this category work and what do they target?
They form channels through cytoplasmic membrane and damage its integrity. Some target fungi and some target bacteria.
What are the drugs in this category?
Trimethoprim, Sulfonamides, Amantadine, Rimantadine, Protease inhibitors
What are the 5 most common pathways that antimicrobials target?
Cell wall synthesis, cell membranes, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, metabolic pathways
Which functional group is most prominent in this group of antibiotics?
beta-lactams
Name three antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, Gentamicin)
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin)
Polymyxin is a drug that is incorporated into the cell membrane. What kind of bacteria does it target most?
Gram -
Which drugs from this category prevent viral uncoating?
Amantadine & Rimantadine
Trimethoprim and sulfonamides are both structural analogs of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), what is the mechanism of action for these antibiotics?
Inhibition of metabolic pathways
Name three antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis.
Beta-lactams (penicillin, methicillin)
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Isoniazid & Ethambutol
True or False: Taking antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis like tetracyclines carries no risk of toxicity because humans do not have 70s ribosomes.
False
Name two antimicrobials in this category
Nystatin & Amphotericin B
Which drug interferes w/ folic acid synthesis, binding to the 2nd enzyme in the pathway (enzyme that converts DHF to THF)?
Trimethoprim
Polymyxin is an antibiotic that works LPS on a bacterial cell’s outer membrane. Polymyxin’s mechanism of action best fits which category?
Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane
Which two antibiotics Disrupt mycolic acid formation in Mycobacterial species(ex: mycobacterium tuberculosis)?
Isoniazid and ethambutol
What is the broadest spectrum of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis?
Tetracyclines
Nystatin & Amphotericin B
All living things share many metabolic reactions, how do we create drugs in this category without damaging other processes?
We need to find differences between the pathogen and the host.
Penicillin consists of beta-lactams that bind to enzymes that cross-link NAM subunits. Penicillin’s mechanism of action best fits which category?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Cephalosporin antibiotics work by blocking the polypeptide bridges between NAM and NAG subunits that are constructed during cell wall synthesis. During which phase of bacterial growth is a cephalosporin drug most effective?
Log phase
How do streptomycin and tetracycline differ in mechanism of action?
Streptomycin: changes the shape of ribosome(specifically 30S portion), causing code on mRNA to be read incorrectly
Tetracyclines: interfere with the attachment of tRNA to mRNA-ribosome complex
Why is Polymyxin toxic to human kidneys?
Because we also have a phospholipid bilayer.
What is the role of Protease Inhibitors?
To interfere with an enzyme HIV needs in its replication cycle.
Streptomycin binds to the 30S portion of the small ribosomal subunit and causes the code on mRNA molecules to be read incorrectly. Streptomycin’s mechanism of action best fits which category?
Inhibition of protein synthesis