Enlightenment Ideas/Inspiration 1
The division of powers into three branches
Separation of powers
The freedom to say what is on one's mind without fear of government interference
Freedom of Speech
He believed every person had natural rights, and these should not be taken away
John Locke
Men and women Enlightenment thinkers are also referred to as.
Philosophers
Revolutions that were inspired by Enlightenment ideas. (DAILY DOUBLE if you can name both!)
The American and French Revolutions
the principle that the government only has rights given to it by the people and the Constitution
limited government/constitutional government
Agreement between the people and the government in which the people agree to give up some of their freedoms and in exchange the government must protect their natural rights
social contract
Believed in separation of powers in a government so that one branch didn't become stronger
Montesquieu
The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution are similar due to both valuing this. (two words)
observation and reason
A document inspired by Enlightenment thinkers that changed the United States and impacted England?
the Declaration of Independence/Bill of Rights
Rights with which we are born; rights we have just by being human: life, liberty, and property
natural rights
What role did publications have in spreading Enlightenment ideas?
They widely disseminated new ideas and encouraged public debate
Fought for freedom of religion and freedom of speech
Voltaire
The time of thinkers that tested the laws of the universe, reason, and physics.
The Scientific Revolution
A feature of the criminal justice system that many countries do not use due to Beccaria.
torture
each branch of government limits the powers of the other branches to ensure no one branch gets too much power.
Checks and balances
This type of rule was given to the leaders of a country by God
Divine Right
Thought that people were being punished too harshly, didn't get a fair trial, and there should be changed to the criminal justice system
Beccaria
Sparked distrust of the Catholic church and was a new theory by Copernicus that challenged the old on the church had taught.
The Heliocentric Theory
According to Locke's social contract, this gives government its authority.
agreement among free people.
What did Montesquieu’s idea of the separation of powers mean, and how does it limit each branch from having too much control?
It divided government authority into legislative, executive, and judicial branches, ensuring no single branch could dominate
What did Locke’s concept of “natural rights” mean?
Rights inherent to all humans, such as life, liberty, and property
Thought most people were born good, put forth the idea of a social contract in which people would give up some rights for government protection
Rousseau
An old idea regarding monarchy that all Enlightenment philosophers did not believe in.
the 'divine rights of kings'
Montesquieu's doctrine of separation of powers in government is where the framers of the American system got the idea to separate its government into these three branches
executive, legislative, and judicial