Hyper/Hypo
Fatigue, depression, confusion,nausea, vomitine, constipation, renal stones, short Q-T interval.
What is Hypercalcemia?
physiologic pump that uses energy to move fluid or electrolytes from one region to another
What is active transport?
1. A solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum.
2. Give an example of this type of IVF
3. When would you use this type of IVF?
What is:
1. Hypertonic solution.
2. Types: 3% NaCl, Mannitol
3. To treat hyponatremia used to increase ECF volume and decrease cellular swelling
an acid-base imbalance characterized by a reduction in H+ concentration
What is alkalosis?
Sodium (Na)
Name s/s of hypernatremia
What is 135-145 mEq/L
thirst increased body temp hallucinations, Increased pulse, increased blood pressure, lethargy seizures.
Caused by fluid loss, or dehydration, changes in hormones, kidney failure, liver failure, diabetic coma, and acid base imbalances.
What is Hyperchloremia?
A fluid containing particles that are nonsoluble and evenly distributed throughout the solution.
What is colloid?
1. A solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum.
2. Give an example of this type of IVF.
3. When would this type of IVF be indicated?
What is:
1. Hypotonic
2. 0.45 NaCl
3. To treat hypertonic dehydration, Na and Cl depletion, and gastric fluid loss
an acid- base imbalance characterized by and increase in H+ concentration.
What is acidosis?
Phosphorous
What disease process would you find hyperphosphatemia?
What is 2.5-4.5?
Acute kidney injury (AKI), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), hypoparathyroidism, rhabdomyolysis
Fatigue, mild weakness, muscle aches, ileus, paralysis, rhythm disturbances .
What is Hypokalemia?
The pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it. In the body, this pressure in the blood vessels results from the weight of fluid itself and the force resulting form cardiac contraction.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
A solution with the same osmolality as blood.
An example of this type of IVF.
You would use this type of IVF...
What is :
1. Isotonic
2. 0.9% NaCl (Normal saline); LR (Lactated Ringers);D5W ( Dextrose in Water )
3. Expands the ECF volume, hypovolemic states, DKA metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia
How water gains and losses are measured.
What is intake, output, weighing, counting diapers, noting sweat( changing sheets/clothes )?
Potassium ( K)
Name one manifestation sign/symptom of Hyperkalemia.
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
Cardiac conduction/ arrhythmias.
Renal tubular dysfunction, malabsorption, starvation, diabetic keto acidosis, leukemia.
What is Hypophosphatemia?
The process by which solutes move from and area of higher concentration to on e of lower concentration; does not require expenditure of energy.
What is diffusion?
Colloid Solutions
What are
D5W
Volume/ plasma expander Albumin/Blood
of intravascular part of ECF
Ways one gains and loses water. (You may also identify the body systems.)
What is
Oral intake/Urine output. GI Tract/ Kidneys
water/insensible losses. Skin
food/ breathing Lungs
Calcium
Name a s/s of hypocalcemia.
What is 8.5 - 10.5mg/dl
Hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, Vitamin D deficiency, diuretic phase of AKI, alcoholism, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign.
Caused by congestive heart failure, renal failure, cirrhosis, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, dehydration.
What is Hyponatremia?
Osmotic pressure created by the protein ( mainly albumin in the bloodstream.
What is colloid oncotic pressure?
The patient lost a great deal of blood. This is the type of IVF that would most likely be hung.
What is :
Colloid ( Blood )non soluable substances evenly s
--------and/or -----------
Crystalloid NS /0.9% NS -[if PRBC not readily available for hypovolemia]
pH 7.25
PCO2 55
HCO2 24
Can be seen with the following disease processes: acute pulmonary edema, atelectasis, severe pneumonia, ARDS, can cause hyperkalemia
Respiratory Acidosis
Flushhing, Hypotension, muscle weakness, drowsiness, depressed respirations,cardiac arrest prolinged PR interval and QRS Peaked T waves.
Hypermagnesema