Genes
What do we call a collection of all the genes in a population that could potentially be passed on to offspring?
What is it called when an environmental change randomly kills organisms and changes the gene pool of a population?
genetic drift
According to the cladogram, which organism is the most distant relative to antelope?
Lamprey
Which statement best describes what happened to freshwater sticklebacks?
A. They became extinct because they lost their defense against predators.
B. They took over the freshwater environment and ate all the dragonflies.
C. They adapted to their freshwater environment by natural selection.
D. The loss of pelvic spines and armor plates reduced fitness and decreased chances of survival.
C. They adapted to their freshwater environment by natural selection.
What do we call differences in DNA in a population?
Genetic variation!
Does evolution generally occur
a. in just one generation
b. to males, not females
c. to an individual during its lifetime
d. over multiple generations to the entire species
d. over multiple generations to the entire species
According to the cladogram, what are birds most closely related to?
Reptiles
Which statement best explains how heritable variation contributed to evolution in sticklebacks?
A. Individuals can choose which traits to pass on to their offspring.
B. All mutations result in traits that improve survival.
C. Some variations increase chances of survival and reproduction.
D. Mutations only occur when there are environmental changes.
C. Some variations increase chances of survival and reproduction.
What is a change in DNA called?
mutation
What will a population need to do to survive in a changing environment?
Adapt/evolve
According to this cladogram, which organisms have a gizzard?
Bald eagle & alligator
When populations of marine sticklebacks are isolated in a freshwater environment…
A. They will breed with different freshwater fish species.
B. They become extinct because of genetic drift.
C. They stay exactly the same as they were in the ocean.
D. Their gene pool changes and when gene frequencies change, they evolve.
D. Their gene pool changes and when gene frequencies change, they evolve.
What happens to the frequency of beneficial variations in a population over time?
Increases
A population of birds eats seeds. Some have long, strong beaks, while others have small, slender beaks. A drought causes hard seeds to become the only food available. Which birds are more likely to survive and reproduce?
The ones with strong beaks
According to the cladogram, what traits do platypus have?
four legs, amniote egg, hair, mammary glands
The lateral plate number graphs show that…
A. Having more armored plates helped the fish to survive in the freshwater.
B. There are two genes that control the lateral armor trait.
C. There was a change in frequency for this trait in the gene pool.
D. There was NO change in frequency for this trait in the gene pool.
C. There was a change in frequency for this trait in the gene pool.
- increased predators
- genetic drift
An environment that changes too fast is likely to result in...
extinction
Based on this cladogram, what traits do bony fish and amphibians both have?
Vertebrae, jaws, and bony skeleton
Which explanation for the change in the freshwater sticklebacks is best supported by the data?
A. The fully armored sticklebacks from the ocean were not able to adapt to the freshwater environment so they went extinct.
B. The fully armored sticklebacks were more easily captured by the predators in the lake and those with less armor survived long enough to reproduce.
C. The fully armored sticklebacks went extinct in the ocean, so only the less armored fish migrated to the lake.
D. The stickleback fish no longer needed the armor to protect them from being eaten because there were no predators in the lake.
B. The fully armored sticklebacks were more easily captured by the predators in the lake and those with less armor survived long enough to reproduce.