MOVING WEST
What did people use to travel on the Oregon and Mormon Trails — handcarts or wagons?
both
What materials did the ancient Egyptians use for building homes and monuments?
Egyptians used mudbrick for houses and limestone, sandstone, and granite for temples and pyramids. Mudbrick was made from Nile mud and straw, sun-dried for durability. Stone was reserved for sacred and elite structures.
What type of government was invented in Ancient Athens?
Democracy
In what year did Christopher Columbus first arrive in the Americas?
1492
What document announced the American colonies' independence from Britain?
The Declaration of Independence
Other names for the organ trail.
Four National Historic Trails (NHTs), the Oregon, Mormon Pioneer, California, and Pony Express.
What type of homes did most ordinary Ancient Egyptians live in, and how were they built?
Most Egyptians lived in mudbrick houses, which were simple, rectangular, and typically one or two stories tall.
Built using sun-dried mud bricks made from Nile mud and straw.
Homes had flat roofs, small windows, and thick walls to keep interiors cool.
The roof was often used for sleeping or working during hot seasons.
What were the two most powerful city-states in Ancient Greece?
Athens and Sparta
What country sponsored Columbus’s voyage across the Atlantic?
Spain
Who was the commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution?
George Washington
Where did the Mormon Trail end?
Salt Lake City, Utah.
How did Ancient Egyptian builders align and design important structures like pyramids?
Egyptian builders used astronomy and mathematics to carefully align structures:
Pyramids were typically aligned with the cardinal points (north, south, east, west).
They may have used the stars or sun shadows to determine direction.
Builders used plumb lines, squares, and leveling tools for precise layout and measurements.
This planning reflected religious beliefs and the importance of order (ma’at) in Egyptian society.
What was the name of the open marketplace and gathering space found in most Greek city-states?
Agora
What was the main goal of European explorers like Columbus during the Age of Exploration?
To find a faster trade route to Asia for spices and riches.
What event in 1770, where British soldiers killed five colonists, increased tensions in the colonies?
The Boston Massacre
how much land did you get during the homestead act of 1862 for 18$?
160 acres
How did Ancient Egyptians transport and lift massive stones when building temples and pyramids? Describe the methods and tools used.
To move and lift heavy stones, Egyptians used ingenious methods and teamwork, including:
Sledges (sleds) dragged across wet sand, which reduced friction.
Large wooden rollers or levers may have been used in some cases.
Ramps—made of mudbrick and rubble—were built to pull stones upward. These could be straight, zigzagging, or spiral ramps depending on the structure.
Teams of workers (possibly up to hundreds for one block) used ropes, coordinated effort, and music or chants to maintain rhythm.
This required precise planning and leadership by architects, engineers, and overseers.
Who was the famous philosopher that taught Plato and used the Socratic method?
Socrates
What was the name of the first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607?
Jamestown, Virginia
What treaty officially ended the American Revolution in 1783?
The Treaty of Paris
On the Oregon Trail, pioneers had to cross a big river at a place called Three Island Crossing. What river did they have to cross there?
The Snake River.
Describe the workforce, organization, and methods used in building large monuments like the pyramids.
Contrary to myth, pyramids were not built by slaves but by a well-organized labor force that included:
Skilled craftsmen, laborers, farmers (working during flood season), and engineers.
Workers lived in nearby workers’ villages with access to food, water, and medicine.
They used tools like copper chisels, wooden sleds, and ramps to move and place heavy stones.
Work was divided into teams or crews, often with nicknames, who competed for speed and accuracy.
Massive building projects were seen as a religious duty and a way to earn favor in the afterlife.
What architectural order is characterized by scroll-shaped capitals and was used in the Erechtheion on the Acropolis?
Ionic
What law passed by Britain in 1765 required American colonists to pay a tax on printed materials?
The Stamp Act
What battle was the turning point of the American Revolution, convincing France to join the war on the side of the colonists?
The Battle of Saratoga