Patho
what is PAD
narrowing and hardening of the peripheral arteries
meds for DVT/VTE
heparin
warfarin
enoxaparin
altepase
s/sx of PAD
decreased or nonpalpable pulses
bruit over femoral and aortic arteries
thick toe nails
pallor of extremities when elevated a rubor when dependent
cold and cyanotic extremities
redness
muscle atrophy
test for HTN
ecg and chest x ray
what is pt education for PAD
Avoid exposure to cold
Avoid caffeine and nicotine
elevate legs but not above heart level
types of HTN
Normal <120 s and <80 D
Elevated 120-129 S and <80 D
Stage 1 130-139 S and 80-89 D
stage 2 >140 S and >90 D
what to look out for when taking ARBS and ACE
angioedema and cough
s/sx of HTN
○ Headaches ○ Facial flushing ○ Dizziness/fainting ○ Retinal or visual changes
CAN BE ASYMPTOMATIC
test for PAD
Arteriography,
Exercise tolerance testing
Plethysmography
Segmental systolic blood pressure measurements
Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
pt ed for DVT/VTE
elevate above the heart
avoid pilows under the knees
warm compress
compression socks
no massage
what is venous insuffieciency
back up of blood, edema, and damage to the tissue
medications for HTN
Diuretics
CCB
ACE Inhibitors
ARBS
BB
what are s/sx of VTE/DVT.
pregnancy, immobility, oral contraceptives, heart failure, sudden edema, may be asymptomatic, calf pain.
test for dvt/vte
venogram
plethysmography
Doppler flow
Venous duplex ultrasonography
education for HTN
change positions slowly
avoid grapefruit juice
life style changes
report cough and angioedema
reduce fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol
what are three types of Peripheral Venous Disorders
DVT/VTE, venous insufficiency, varicose veins
Reasons you would hold HTN meds
IF BP <90 Systolic
Tx for sinus tachy
BB and if its SVT= adenosine
tx for sinus brady
atropine
Non Modifiable factors for HTN
Age (older adults), Race, Family history
What are the types of EKG we are learning
Sinus Tachy >100 BPM
Sinus Brady <80
a fib= irregular rhythm
a flutter
asystole
What medications are used for PAD
Aspirin and Statins
s/sx for venous insufficiency
brown discoloration from ankles to calves (statis dermatitis)
edema
status ulcers
tx for A-fib
● Anticoagulants:
○ Enoxaparin : Caution if PLT < 100,000
○ Heparin : PTT 2.5–3× ○
Warfarin : PT/INR 2–3
● Rate/rhythm control:
○ Amiodarone , Digoxin
○ Synchronized cardioversion if unstable and clot ruled out
Modifiable Factors for HTN
● Smoking/stress ● High sodium, low potassium ● Obesity, high cholesterol ● Too much caffeine ● Inactivity ● Sleep apnea