Respiratory
The structure in which External Respiration takes place?
What is: Alveoli + Pulmonary Capillaries
Which colon makes the large Intestines? List order
What is: Cecum (Pouch)
1. Ascending colon
2. Transverse colon
3. Descending colon
4. Sigmoid colon
If you breathe in through your mouth, Where does air enter the body? Which pharynx does the air enter next?
What is: Oral Cavity (skips nasal cavity) and enters Oropharynx
Accessory digestive organs that help digestive organs
What is: 1. Salivary glands
2. Liver
3. GallBladder
4. Pancreas
Organs/Structures that belong to the Upper Respiratory Tract
- Nasal Cavity
- Nostril (External Nares)
- Pharynx - Larynx
1. Mucous/Hairs: Trap particles in air
2. Walls of Nose: Helps AirTemp =37 c
3. Controls amount of water vapor to conserve water
If an oxygen molecule is in the tertiary bronchi, Where will it move next during Expiration? Inspiration?
Inspiration -> Bronchioles
- Involved in Fat Digestion + absorption in small intestine
- Tiny droplets
- Made up of: Fatty acids, monoglyceride, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins
What is: Micelles
Pharynx that conducts air, food, and drink
Nasopharynx: Moves air only
Oropharynx: Moves food, drink, air
Laryngopharynx: Moves food, drinnk, air and divides/separates into:
Air: to move into trachea
The Process of Moving food along GI Tract.
What is: Motility
Mucosa Layer
Tissue that makes up the lining of the Trachea
What is: Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium Tissue
-> cilia moves mucus upward toward throat
-> goblet cells produce mucus to trap dust
-> airway is kept clean/protected
What is the repeating structural unit that makes up the liver? What cells make this?
-Unit: Liver Lobule
-Cells that make /|\; Hepatocytes
What are Tracheal rings + their function?
Tracheal Rings AKA Trachea cartilage are made up of Hyaline Cartilage Tissue
-> They hold trachea open as they provide structural support to keep it froom collapsing as well
In Swallowing/Deglutition Uvula + Epiglottis function by?
- Uvula prevents bolus (chewed up food) from going to nasopharynx
- Epiglottis prevents food from going into trachea but rather esophagus
Gas exchange that occurs between the blood and your tissues
What is: Internal Respiration?
Blood <=> Tissues O2 FilteredSystemic Capillaries <=> Systemic Cells
H2CO3 What does it do at gas exchange @ the Pulmonary Capillaries
What is: Bicarbonate acts as a buffer to neutralize acidity AKA PH Neutralizer
Describe the flow of blood and bile through a lobule
Blood Flow: Blood enters at the portal triad -> gets cleaned by Hepatocytes -> Drains out through central veins-> Hepatic
Bile Flow: Bile is made by Hepatocyles -> moves into bile canaliculi -> drains out to the bile ductWhat is the Bronchial Tree? Conducting zones/Function?
The branching airways in the lungs that carry air from the trachea down to alveoli
Conducting zone: - Move air in/out
- warm, clears, humidifies air
- No gas Exchange
- Parts: Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Terminal
- Parts: Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, Alveolar Sacs, Alveoli
How many sublayers of the muscularis tunic are there?
1. Longitudinal Layer
2. Circular Layer
3. Oblique Layer (innermost)
What do chief + parietal cells produce in the stomach?
- Parietal cells secrete HCL (Hydrochloric acid)
- Chief cells secrete pepsinogen
- Pepsinogen + HCL activates Pepsin inside Lumen
- Pepsin breaks down proteins into amino acids
Happens to the Diaphragm during Expiration?
What is: ->Diaphragam relaxes/recoils
-> Chest Recoils
-> Lung volume decreases and pressure inside lungs increases
-> Pressure always goes down from high to low
Functions:
- Microvilli
- Villi
- Circular Folds
Microvilli: Form brush border on epithelial cells. Function: Increase surface area brush border enzymes for final digestion
Villi: On mucosa layer. Increase absorption area; area nutrients
Circular Folds: Large folds on mucosa/sub mucosa; slow down chyme; increase time for nutrient absoption
What type of tissue is the larynx made up of?
What is: Hylaine Cartilage!
- Larynx holds voice box
- Laryngo Pharynx is posterior to larynx. Larynx is above Trachea
Small Intestines are composed of what 3 parts? Whats happening in each?
1. Duodenum -> Bile deposited from bile ducts
-> receives chyme
-> Mixes -> Releases buffers
2. Jejunum -> maximum folds
-> Highest nutrient absorption
3. Ileum -> some nutrient absorption
-> Reabsorbs bile + enzymes
What structure controls the release of the chyme from the stomach?
The Pylonic sphincter at pyloris controls the release of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum (Small Intestines).