Literary terms and devices
A statement that seems contradictory but shows a truth, like “Less is more.”
Paradox
Focuses on understanding meaning through text, reader, and context
Hermeneutic Approach
This character is clever, responsible, and protective of his mentally challenged friend Lennie.
George Milton
Which British author wrote Lord of the Flies?
William Golding
In Kökсерек, this boy raises the wolf cub and gives him his name
Kurmash
A story about a character growing morally and psychologically from youth to adulthood.
Bildungsroman
Studies consciousness, memory, and subjective experience in literature
Phenomenological Criticism
This symbolizes the fragility of life and how even the best plans can go wrong, inspired by a Robert Burns poem
the Mouse
Which British crime writer is famous for And Then There Were None?
Agatha Christie
This leader in The Bright Sword is known for wisdom and diplomacy, helping unite scattered tribes.
Kerei Khan
A literary movement that breaks traditional rules and explores inner thoughts and fragmented experience.
Modernism
Looks at how literature produces knowledge and shapes what we can know
Epistemological Approach
American author of A Song of Ice and Fire.
George R. R. Martin
Which novel features Hester Prynne and the scarlet letter “A”?
The Scarlet Letter
In Kökсерек, this character represents traditional wisdom and warns the village that the wolf cannot be tamed.
The Grandmother
The way an author shows a character’s personality through actions, speech, and thoughts.
Characterization
19th–20th century approach emphasizing human values and moral vision in autonomous works.
Liberal Humanism
First novel of Martin’s series, published in 1996.
A Game of Thrones
Which epic fantasy series begins with A Game of Thrones?
A Song of Ice and Fire
These two leaders in The Bright Sword guide their people away from harsh rule to create the Kazakh Khanate.
Kerei Khan and Janibek Khan
Language that creates strong pictures and appeals to the senses.
Imagery
Revives Romantic focus on nature, imagination, and personal experience.
Neo-Romanticism
American author of Gone with the Wind, winner of the Pulitzer Prize.
Margaret Mitchell
Which novel depicts stranded boys descending into savagery on an island?
Lord of the Flies
This narrative technique in Kökсерек allows the reader to experience the world through the wolf’s sensations — smells, fear, hunger, and instinct.
Animal focalisation / wolf’s point of view