chemistry

states of matter

100

This state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.

is a liquid?

200

This is the process of a solid changing directly into a gas without becoming a liquid.

 is sublimation

300

This state of matter consists of highly ionized gas found in stars and neon signs.

 is plasma

400

This term describes a solid whose particles are arranged in a regular, repeating 3D pattern.

is a crystalline solid

500

 This state change occurs when a gas loses energy and turns back into a liquid.

is condensation

atomic history

100

 This ancient Greek philosopher first proposed that matter is made of "atomos".

 is Democritus

200

He developed the "Plum Pudding" model after discovering the electron. hint we learned this in Mr freemens class

 is J.J. Thomson

300

His Gold Foil experiment proved that atoms are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus.

Ernest Rutherford

400

 He created the "Planetary Model," where electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels.

 Niels Bohr

500

He is considered the "Father of Modern Atomic Theory" for his 1803 postulates.

 is John Dalton

the ph scale

100

On the pH scale, this number represents a perfectly neutral substance.

is 7

200

Substances with a pH between 0 and 6 are classified as what 

 is an acid

300

 This type of organic compound, like litmus paper, changes color based on pH.

 is a pH indicator

400

Because the pH scale is logarithmic, a pH of 4 is this many times more acidic than a pH of 5

is 10 times

500

These are the two products typically formed when an acid and a base neutralize each other.

are water and a salt

periodic trends

100

This trend refers to the distance from the nucleus to the outer edge of the electron cloud.

is atomic radius

200

This trend increases as you move from left to right across a period and up a group.

 is electronegativity (or ionization energy)

300

 This is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom.

 is ionization energy

400

This element has the highest electronegativity on the entire periodic table.

is Fluorine

500

As you move down a group, atomic radius increases due to the addition of these.

are electron shells (or energy levels)

chemical formulas

100

 This is the chemical formula for water.

 is H₂O

200

This is the chemical formula for table salt (Sodium Chloride).

is NaCl

300

This formula represents Carbon Dioxide

 is CO₂

400

This is the chemical formula for Hydrochloric Acid.

 is HCl

500

 This is the chemical formula for Glucose (Sugar)

is C₆H₁₂O₆