European Managing Agencies
What is one sector in which European managing agencies invested?
Tea plantations / Coffee plantations / Mining / Indigo / Jute
What did early Indian cotton mills mainly produce?
Coarse cotton yarn.
Which event created a dramatic change in Indian industrial growth?
The First World War.
Where did most industrial workers work in 1911?
Small workshops and household units.
Why were these industries mainly set up by Europeans?
They were meant for export trade, not for sale in India.
Why did Indian industrialists avoid producing cloth initially?
To avoid competing with Manchester goods in the Indian market.
Why did Manchester imports into India decline during the war?
British mills were busy producing goods for the war.
Name one technological change adopted by handloom weavers.
Use of looms fitted with fly shuttles.
How did European managing agencies acquire land for plantations?
They acquired land at cheap rates from the colonial government.
Where was the yarn produced in Indian mills used or exported?
Used by handloom weavers in India or exported to China.
Mention any two items supplied by Indian factories during the war.
Jute bags / Army uniforms / Tents / Leather boots / Saddles.
Why did fine handloom cloth survive even during famines?
It was bought by the rich, whose demand was more stable.