Hypokalemia
What is hyperpolarization and impaired muscle contraction?
Response to hypokalemia in muscle
Osmolarity problems affect this the most
The brain
Name two life-threatening causes of acute dyspnea that must be ruled out first.
Pulmonary embolism and pneumothorax
These are the 3 main antibiotics known for causing c.diff
Clindamycin, PCNS, cephalosporins
What is the work-up for a post-operative fever?
CXR, UA & culture, Blood cultures x2
What is alkalosis, shallow respirations, irritability, confusion, weakness, arrhythmia (irregular heart rate, tachycardia), lethargy, thready pulse, decreased intestinal motility (nausea, vomiting, ileus)
What are the signs of tetany (intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium) ?
1) +Chvostek's sign - tap on facial nerve leading to facial contractions
2) +Trousseau's sign - inflate BP cuff above systolic pressure leading to carpal spasms.
3) prolonged ST and QT on EKG
Four most common causes of dyspnea in adults.
Heart failure, pneumonia, obstructive lung disease (COPD/asthma), and pulmonary embolism
This is what you would see on a CT if you had c.diff
Colonic wall thickening, mucosal edema
What are the five W's of post-operative fever?
Wind
Walking
Water
Wound
Wonder drugs
Normal range for K+?
3.5-5.0 mEQ/L
What is treatment of hypocalcemia?
Oral or IV calcium, measures to promote CO2 retention (such as breathing into a paper bag or sedating the patient - can control muscle spasms and other symptoms or tetany)
This medication, given IV, is a second-line bronchodilator for severe asthma exacerbation.
Magnesium Sulfate
Invasion of M cells is essential for pathogenecity of this pathogen and can be spread by flies
Shigella
What is treatment for hypokalemia?
Give potassium orally or IV (drip only, not push) and <or =10mEq/hr. Take extra potassium with loop or thiazide diuretics.
Total calcium levels increase or decrease with this
Albumin levels
Name three signs of trach obstruction.
Increased WOB, Stridor, Cyanosis, Tachycardia, and Decreased SPO2
15yo with ALL is placed on this type of antibiotic when she developed crampy, bloody diarrhea and numbness in lower extrimities that seems to be worsening.
Fluroquinolones