Terminology
What does TV stand for?
Tidal volume which refers to the volume of air that is either inspired or expired during the respiratory cycle.
What are the muscles around the ribs?
Intercostal muscles
What percentage of vital capacity is used for inhalation during speech breathing?
10%
What muscle is the main inspiratory muscle?
Diaphragm
What is the ratio of life breathing?
40% inspiration, 60% expiration
What is the name of the test that measures lung function by measuring how much air a person can inhale and exhale?
Spirometry
What structures form the upper respiratory tract?
nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx
Is the muscle activity for exhalation during speech active or passive?
Active
What is the cartilaginous tube with rings that passes air in and out of the lungs?
Trachea
How do pressure changes within the thoracic cavity regulate airflow during one complete respiratory cycle?
During inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles increases thoracic volume, creating negative air pressure that draws air into the lungs. During expiration, muscle relaxation decreases thoracic volume, increasing pressure and forcing air out of the lungs.
What is Boyle's Law in respiration?
Pressure increases when volume decreases.
What makes up the skeletal framework of the respiratory system?
The clavicle, ribs, sternum, pelvic girdle, scapulae, and vertebral column.
What role does the respiratory system play in speech production?
The respiratory system supplies the airflow and subglottal pressure necessary for vocal fold vibration, which enables phonation and speech production.
Which intercostal muscles elevate the rib cage during inhalation?
External intercostal muscles
What phase of the respiratory cycle occurs when air flows out of the lungs?
Expiration
What term refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs?
Pulmonary Ventilation
What structures are responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory system?
The alveoli within the lungs are responsible for gas exchange, allowing oxygen to diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to diffuse out through surrounding capillaries.
Which respiratory adjustment is primarily responsible for compensating for increased vocal fold resistance during louder speech?
Increased expiratory muscular force
What role do the intercostal muscles play during inspiration and expiration?
The external intercostal muscles contract during inspiration to elevate the ribs and expand the thoracic cavity, while the internal intercostal muscles assist with forced expiration by depressing the ribs and reducing thoracic volume.
Where does gas exchange happens?
Alveoli
What is respiration in human physiology?
Respiration is the biological process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide to support cellular metabolism and maintain life functions.
What is the function of the trachea and bronchi in the respiratory system?
The trachea and bronchi form the conducting airways that transport air to and from the lungs while filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled air before it reaches the alveoli.
How is an extended steady utterance produced in speech?
By taking a deep inhalation and using controlled exhalation to sustain airflow until the air supply is depleted.
What is increased thoracic volume from accessory muscle recruitment?
During heavy exercise, this mechanical change allows greater air intake than during quiet breathing
What pressure needs to go down for air to enter the lungs?
Intrapulmonary Pressure