2
a series of rulers from a single family
Dynasty
upper class of Roman society
Patricians
worship of one god
monotheism
a journey to a religious site
pilgrimage
a forced labor system in which a tract of land was granted to Spanish colonists in Latin America during the 16th century that included the American Indians living on the land to serve as labor
encomienda system
dividing time into historical eras for purposes of analysis
Periodization
a governmental system in which power is given to the populous and political decisions are made based on the will of the people
Democracy
a religious leader in the Eastern Orthodox Church
Patriarch
political system in which a single ruler gains power through inheritance
monarchy
an economic system used by the Incas that required men to give labor service to imperial projects; the system was later adapted by Spanish colonists to require laborers to work in the agriculture and mining sectors
mit’a
a political unit where large numbers of people and areas of land are controlled by one ruler
Empire
rule by a small group, generally of wealthy men
Oligarchy
economically self-sufficient estate of land controlled by a lord
manor
an official investigation, usually conducted by a political or religious group
inquisition
an economic philosophy that promoted the idea of a nation’s wealth was enhanced by the accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, and the establishment of overseas colonial monopolies
mercantilism
a society characterized by established cities, specialized labor, complex institutions, written records, and advanced technology
Civilization
the spread of ideas and products
Diffusion
a form of political organization that is characterized by a relationship between a lord and a vassal where the lord exchanges land for military service from the vassal
feudalism
a Catholic Church office that sought to identify and punish heresy in Europe and the Americas
Spanish inquisition
massive exchange of agricultural goods, livestock, disease, culture and people between the Old World the New World during the 16th-19th centuries
Columbian Exchange
form of writing based on the use of symbols, including cuneiform and hieroglyphics
Pictographic Script
administrative offices of a government staffed with non-elected workers
Bureaucracy
religious leader of the Roman Catholic Church
Pope
a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, typically with the formation of buboes and sometimes infection of the lungs
plague
large Chinese sailing ships used for long voyages
junks