pH & pOH
What ion determines acidity in a solution?
Hydrogen ion (H⁺)
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
No
What does it mean for a molecule to be polar?
It has an uneven distribution of charges, with partial positive and partial negative ends.
What are the four types of biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is molarity?
The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
pH + pOH = 14
Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
In the cytoplasm
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, giving water a partial negative endand partial positive ends .
What is a monomer and what is a polymer?
A monomer is a small building block molecule. A polymer is a large molecule made of repeating monomers.
What is the formula for molarity?
M = moles of solute ÷ liters of solution (M = n / L).
: What is the pH of a solution with [H⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴?
4
What is binary fission and which cells use it?
Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction used by prokaryotic cells.
What is cohesion and how does it relate to surface tension?
Cohesion is water molecules sticking to each other, and it creates surface tension.
What type of reaction breaks down polymers?
Hydrolysis.
How many moles of solute are in 2 liters of a 0.5 M solution?
1 mole
What is the pH of a solution with [H⁺] = 3.2 × 10⁻⁶?
5.49
Name three organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are not found in prokaryotic cells.
Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum
How does water dissolve ionic compounds?
The positive and negative ends of water surround and pull apart the ions.
What determines a protein’s shape and why is it important?
The sequence of amino acids determines its shape, and shape determines function.
If 0.75 moles of KBr are dissolved in 250 mL of water, what is the molarity of the solution?
3.0 M
If pOH = 4, what is the hydroxide ion concentration?
1.0 × 10⁻⁴ M
If a cell has a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain why.
Eukaryotic, because it has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
How do hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties affect the shape of cell membranes?
Hydrophilic heads face outward and hydrophobic tails face inward, forming a bilayer.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
How many grams of NaCl are needed to make 500 mL of a 0.2 M solution? (Molar mass = 58.44 g/mol)
5.84 grams