EARTH LAYERS
Which layer of Earth do we live on?
Crust
Name one type of rock.
Igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
What causes the seasons on Earth?
Earth’s tilt on its axis
What force causes tides?
Gravity
What is a biotic factor?
A living or once-living thing
What is the smallest unit of life?
Cell
Which layer is the hottest part of the Earth?
Inner Core
How are sediments formed?
Through weathering, erosions, and deposition.
During which season does the Northern Hemisphere receive the most direct sunlight?
Summer
Which two celestial bodies affect Earth’s tides?
The Moon and the Sun
What is an abiotic factor?
A nonliving factor in an ecosystem
Who developed the cell theory? (Name one scientist.)
Schleiden, Schwann, or Virchow
Which layer is made of liquid metal and creates Earth’s magnetic field?
Outer Core
What process turns sediment into sedimentary rock?
Compaction and cementation
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!
What is the name of the longest day of the year?
Summer solstice
What is the difference between high tide and low tide?
High tide is when water levels are highest; low tide is when they are lowest.
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!
Is a mushroom biotic or abiotic? Explain why.
Biotic, because it is a living organism (fungus).
According to cell theory, where do new cells come from?
Pre-existing cells
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!!!
The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid, even though the inner core is hotter. Why is the inner core solid?
The inner core is solid because the pressure is so great that it keeps the metal compressed into a solid form, even at very high temperatures.
How does heat and pressure change rock?
It forms metamorphic rock.
Why is it summer in the Northern Hemisphere when it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere?
Because Earth is tilted, one hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun while the other is tilted away.
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!
What is a spring tide and when does it occur?
A spring tide happens during a full moon and new moon when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned.
How do abiotic factors affect living organisms in an ecosystem?
They determine where organisms can live and how well they survive.
List the three parts of the cell theory. —
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Explain how temperature and pressure change as you go deeper inside Earth.
Both temperature and pressure increase as depth increases.
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!
A sedimentary rock is buried deep underground and exposed to extreme heat and pressure but does not melt. What type of rock will it become and why?
It becomes a metamorphic rock because heat and pressure change the rock’s structure without melting it.
If Earth’s axis were not tilted, how would seasons be different?
There would be no seasons. Each place on Earth would receive about the same amount of sunlight all year long.
Explain why neap tides have a smaller difference between high and low tide. —
The Sun and Moon pull at right angles, so their gravitational forces partially cancel out.
Describe how one biotic and one abiotic factor might interact in a desert ecosystem.
Example: A cactus (biotic) depends on sunlight and limited water (abiotic) to survive.
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!
Why is cell theory important to understanding how organisms grow and heal?
It explains that growth and healing happen through cell division.