Unit 6
What is a metropolitan area?
a city and the surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city
what is industrialization?
the process in which the interaction of social and economic factors causes the development of industries on a wide scale
What is central place theory?
a theory used to describe the spatial relationship between cities and their surrounding communities
What is the gravity model?
model is used to explain the interactions among cities based on the size of the cities’ populations and the distance between them
What is a primary sector?
economic sector associated with removing or harvesting products from the earth; includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining or quarrying, and extracting liquids or gas
What is an infill?
redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas
What are economic sectors?
collections of industries engaged in similar economic activities based on the creation of raw materials, the production of goods, the provision of services, or other activities
What is world system theory?
theory describing the spatial and functional relationships between countries in the world economy; categorizes countries as part of a hierarchy consisting of the core, periphery, and semi-periphery
What is the epidemiological transition model?
a model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death
What is a secondary sector?
economic sector associated with the production of goods from raw materials; includes manufacturing, processing, and construction
What is mixed use development?
a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces
What is agglomeration?
the tendency of enterprises in the same industry to cluster in the same area
What is the neo-malthusian theory?
describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth's resources
What is the demographic transition model?
a model that represents shifts in the growth of the world’s populations, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate
What is a quaternary sector?
economic sector that is a subset of tertiary sector activities that require workers to process and handle information and environmental technology
What are slow growth cities?
city where planners have used smart-growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward
What is Gross Domestic Product?
the total value of the goods and services produced by a country’s citizens and companies within the country in a year
What is bid-rent theory?
a theory that describes the relationships between land value, commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined
What is the galactic city model?
evolved from the multiple-nuclei model and represents a break from the traditional view of cities in which land values and economic activities are strongly or almost exclusively linked to the location of the CBD. Galactic cities are ringed by smaller urban centers and hubs for commerce and manufacturing
What is a quinary sector?
economic sector that is a subset of the quaternary sector; involves the top leaders in government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and media
What is blockbusting?
a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below-market prices
What is a human development index?
a measure that determines the overall development of a country by incorporating three key dimensions of human development: life expectancy at birth, access to education measured in expected and mean years of schooling, and standard of living measured by GNI per capita
What is the dependency theory?
a theory that describes the development challenges and limitations faced by poorer countries and the political and economic relationships poorer countries have with richer countries
What is the von Thunen model?
a model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity
What is a tertiary sector
economic sector that includes a host of activities that involve the transport, storage, marketing, and selling of goods or services; also called the service sector