Change Over Time
This type of change involves money, trade, jobs, and business.
Economic change
Push and pull factors
This process improves older urban neighborhoods but may increase rent and property prices.
Gentrification
This type of city focuses on protecting the environment while improving the quality of life for people living there.
Sustainable City
People moving from rural areas to cities is an example of this process.
Migration
A city creates stricter pollution laws to protect rivers and forests. Name TWO types of change involved
political and environmental change
Urban growth can create both opportunities and challenges. Give ONE benefit and ONE challenge of urban growth.
Benefit: more jobs/services.
Challenge: overcrowding, pollution, or traffic.
Why might city planners prefer smart growth over urban sprawl when planning for the future of cities?
Because smart growth reduces traffic, pollution, and environmental damage by improving existing urban areas instead of spreading cities outward onto rural land. It also encourages walkable communities, public transportation, and more efficient use of space
This United Nations Sustainable Development Goal focuses on creating “Sustainable Cities and Communities.
SDG11
This term describes cities spreading outward onto surrounding rural land.
urban sprawl
A settlement becomes more multicultural after years of immigration. How might this create cultural change?
New languages, foods, traditions, religions, and celebrations may influence the settlement’s identity.
Explain how push and pull factors work together to increase urban growth.
Problems in rural areas push people away while opportunities in cities pull people toward urban areas.
"Urbanisation creates both opportunities and challenges.” Give ONE economic opportunity and ONE social challenge caused by urbanisation.
Opportunity: more jobs/business growth.
Challenge: overcrowding, inequality, or strain on services.
Why might renewable energy be important for creating more sustainable cities?
Because renewable energy reduces pollution, protects natural resources, and helps cities use energy in a cleaner and more efficient way
This planning strategy encourages building upward instead of outward to reduce urban sprawl.
Smart growth
A settlement experiences rapid tourism growth after social media makes it famous worldwide. Which THREE types of change could result?
Economic (more businesses/jobs),
Social (population growth/crowding),
Environmental (pollution/resource pressure)
Why might some people argue that urban growth is unsustainable?
Rapid growth can lead to overcrowding, housing shortages, pollution, traffic, and strain on resources.
How can urbanisation weaken rural communities over time?
Rural areas may lose workers, businesses, traditions, services, and population, causing decline and isolation.
Frankfurt transformed old industrial areas into parks and recreation spaces. Why might reusing old urban spaces be more sustainable than constantly building on new land?
Because it protects natural areas from development, reduces urban sprawl, and makes better use of existing city space and infrastructure.
A rapidly growing city builds more public transportation, creates green spaces, and limits expansion onto farmland. Which concept is the city MOST likely trying to promote?
sustainability
All settlement changes are connected.” Use evidence from at least TWO types of change to support this statement.
Economic growth can increase population (social change), which may lead to pollution (environmental change) and new laws (political change).
A government wants to reduce migration into overcrowded cities. What is ONE strategy they could use, and why might it work?
Improve jobs and services in rural areas so fewer people feel pushed to leave.
“Gentrification solves urban problems but creates new ones.” Explain what this statement means.
It may reduce crime, improve buildings, and attract businesses, but it can also increase inequality, displacement, and loss of community identity.
A sustainable city is not just about protecting the environment — it is also about improving people’s lives.” Explain what this statement means using examples from a sustainable city.
Sustainable cities protect the environment through green spaces, renewable energy, recycling, and public transportation, while also improving people’s lives by creating healthier, safer, and more efficient communities with better quality of life.
Some governments worry that long-term depopulation can become a national crisis, even without war or natural disaster. Why might a declining population threaten the future stability of a country
Because depopulation can lead to labor shortages, economic decline, aging populations, weaker communities, lower tax revenue, abandoned infrastructure, and pressure on healthcare and social services