Definitions
Alleles for this trait are represented with an uppercase letter.
Dominant.
What are Mendel’s 3 Principles of Heredity?
1.) In a cross of purebred parents, all offspring will show dominant trait.
2.) 2 alleles for a parent’s gene separate and combine with an allele from the other parent to the offspring trait.
3.) Each allele is passed to offspring independently of the other alleles.
All are hybrid dominant
When you cross purebred dominant with purebred recessive what are the
offspring?
What would be the blood type of offspring if one parent contributes IA
allele and the other contributes IB allele?
AB
Natural selection cannot create a new _____________; it can only remove
from a population.
Genetic Information.
Alleles for this trait are represented with an lowercase letter.
Recessive
Why did Gregor Mendel use pea plants to study heredity?
1.) It was easy to cross different pea plants in order to observe offspring.
2.) Their characters were easy to observe
3.) The characters had at least 2 identifiable traits.
A dominant trait is always expressed in a hybrid organism.
Simple Dominance
Two or more genes interact to control a single character. (Ex: skin color,
height, and intelligence)
Polygenic Inheritance
Preserved remains of plants and animals.
Fossils
An organisms genetic information that determine its phenotype.
Represented with letters (ex: Bb)
Genotype
How does the fossil record show that life has changed on Earth?
1.) It contains plants and animals that once existed but are no longer alive today.
2.) It shows that some kinds of organisms are now less common than in the past.
Different forms of genes that result in different traits.
Alleles
Ratio of alleles changes randomly over time. More likely to occur in
smaller populations.
Genetic Drift
The idea that species do not change over time.
Fixity of Species
An organisms set of physical traits. (Ex: purple petals)
Phenotype
If evolution were true, why are transitional forms a problem for evolutionists?
1.) There would be millions of organisms with partially developed body parts.
2.) These intermediate creatures are not found in the fossil record.
Phenotypes of both parents are there but not blended. (Ex: White flower
crossing with red flower make white and red flower)
Codominance
An inherited trait that helps an animal survive to reproduce. (Ex: animals
with large ears in a dessert would more likely increase than those with
smaller ears b/c the large ears cool them off)
Adaptation
The idea that organisms can gain new traits and pass on those traits to
their offspring.
Theory of Acquired Characteristics
Determines how likely an offspring is to have a certain trait. It does not
exactly tell how many offspring will be produced.
Punnet Square
Circle the dominant trait of the following when referring to pea plants:
Green Pods Vs Yellow Pods
Wrinkled Peas vs Round Peas
Pinched pods Vs Inflated pods
Green pod Vs Yellow pod
Wrinkled Peas vs Round peas
Pinched pods Vs Inflated pods
Genes that have more than 2 alleles. (Ex: Human blood type involves 3
different alleles i,IA, IB)
Multiple Alleles
Process by which organisms survive to pass on their traits to a greater
number of offspring. Produce the variety of dogs we see today but does
not create a new kind of organism.
Natural Selection
The idea that Earth’s physical processes operate at the same rate in the
present as in the past.
Uniformitarianism