Earth layers
What are the four main layers of the earth
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
What is the boundary where the tectonic plates collide?
Convergent boundary
What is the definition of weathering?
Rock being dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller pieces.
How are igneous rocks formed?
by magma cooling
What is sediment?
Small pieces of rock that resulted from weathering.
Which layer do most earthquakes happen at?
the crust
What is the boundary where tectonic plates glide past each other.
Transform boundary
Physical weathering is also known as _________
Mechanical weathering
Which rock is formed by heat and pressure of other rocks underground?
Metamorphic rock
Are minerals organic or inorganic?
inorganic
Does the inner or outer core create a magnetic field?
outer core
What are random pockets of magma called that are deep underground.
Hotspots
What is the difference between erosion and deposition?
Erosion is the movement of weathered rock. Deposition is the laying down of weathered rock.
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
extrusive is formed from magma cooling outside of earths crust. intrusive is caused by magma cooling inside the earth.
Define freeze-thaw.
when water seeps into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart.
Is the inner core a solid or liquid? Why or why not?
It is solid due to the extreme amount of pressure it is under.
Which boundary causes the formation of new sections of the lithosphere?
Divergent boundary
What is the difference between chemical and biological weathering?
Chemical weathering is weathering done by chemical reactions. Biological weathering is done by living things.
according to the mohs hardness scale, ________ numbers of hardness can't scratch ________ numbers of hardness.
lower, higher
What do convection currents do and what layer of the earth are they located in?
Convection currents transfer heat throughout the earth layers and they occur in the mantle.
What is the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere in function?
Lithosphere: connects the crust and upper mantle made up of broken tectonic plates.
Asthenosphere: hotter than lithosphere, allows for tectonic plates to glide.
The collision of these two causes ocean trenches.
Oceanic crust and continental crust
What is exfoliation and what type of weathering is it?
Curved slabs of rock detach and slough off from the rock below (peels off like an onion). It is an example of physical weathering.
______ is the main building blocks of all rocks.
Minerals
Earthquakes are measured by magnitude and intensity. What is the difference?
magnitude measure the energy released from the source of the earthquake. intensity measures the damage dealt from the earthquake.