disaster concepts & definitions
define keynoting
Those who advance suggested interpretations of an event or suggestions on
what to do next
Is widespread role abandonment by responders likely or rare in disasters?
rare
What does role expectation describe?
The commonly shared norms about how a person is to behave in a particular role
What does social stratification refer to?
A fairly permanent ranking of different groups in a society that leads to unequal
power, wealth, and prestige
when people evacuate, where do they most commonly go (hotel/family or
friends/public shelter/second home)?
family or friends
what is an example of milling
Ex: If the fire alarm goes off in class and everyone is looking silently at each other to determine if they should ignore it, pack up and leave, leave their bags, and evacuate immediately, or something else.
Is widespread looting common after most disasters (yes/no)
no
What is an example of keynoting in an emergency situation?
if the fire alarm goes off in class, everyone is milling, and then suddenly a
student gets up and says “I’m getting out of here” and leaves, that keynotes to
others that it is time to evacuate. The student who did something keynoted to
the others what to do
What term describes a bias where there is a tendency to recognize risk but to think that others are more at risk?
optimistic bias
what does FEMA stand for?
Federal Emergency Management Agency
What are two characteristics of a crisis?
A threat (real or perceived)
Relatively unexpected
Urgency or need to act, or things will get worse
When is role abandonment by responders most likely in disasters?
When they don’t know if their family members are safe
Environmental and social cues are important for evacuation. What is an example of each?
Environmental: Is it rainy and windy outside, or calm and sunny?
Social: Are my neighbors packing up their cars to leave or planning a hurricane party
Warning messages should be sure to what?
give 2 examples
Be specific (e.g. types of threat, location, severity, timing, what to do, who is giving the information
Be accurate
Be consistent
Be clear
Indicate certainty
What does IRB stand for and what does it do?
Institutional Review Board
An appropriately designated committee that reviews and approves/disapproves research involving human subjects
What are the three types of convergence in disasters?
People (or personal)
Goods (or materiel)
Information
Are disasters great equalizers (yes/no)? Why or why not?
No, people are disproportionately impacted by disasters, related to routine
vulnerabilities
What are two critical challenges for crisis management?
Sense-making
Decision-making
Meaning-making
Terminating
Learning
what 2 factors are associated with social vulnerability?
temporal (related to a particular point in time)
spatial (related to a particular place)
situational
How did the Chicago School of Sociology influence disaster research?
Focus on urban ethnography (getting out into the community to observe)
Focus on symbolic interaction and collective behavio
What are the four types of organizations in the DRC Typology
established
extending
expanding
emergent
name one factor that distinguishes disasters from emergencies
There are more organizations coming together that are unfamiliar with each other
ii. Adjustments must be made for losing autonomy and freedom of action
iii. The private and public sectors interact with each other more than usual
iv. Difference performance standards are applied
according to “Reconsidering Convergence,” what are 2 types of personal
convergence noted by Fritz and Mathewson? What were the two additional types
observed by Kendra and Wachtendorf after 9/11?
Returnees
Helpers
Curious
Anxious
Exploiters
Mourners
Supporters
what are the 2 types of social capital and explain them
Bonding (connections between people who are emotionally close)
Bridging (connections between acquaintances and individuals who span groups)
Linking (connections between regular citizens and those in power
Who founded the Disaster Research Center, when, where, and when did it move to the University of Delaware?
Quarantelli, Dynes, and Haas, 1963, Ohio State, 1985