Chapter 12
What is Energy?
The ability to do work.
What is Hess's Law?
Enthalpy is a state function.
What is a reaction rate?
The rate of change of a product in a chemical reaction.
What is Chemical Equilibrium?
The point at which the forward and reverse reactions in a chemical equation have equal reaction rates.
What is 1,000 chemistry calories called?
1 food calorie
What is the measure of disorder that exists in any system?
Entropy
What do catalysts do?
They speed up reaction rates by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
What is the Le Chatelier's Principle?
When a stress is applied to an equilibrium, the reaction will shift in a way that relieves the stress and restores equilibrium.
What is specific heat?
The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
What is the Enthalpy of formation?
The change in enthalpy of a formation reaction.
What is a Catalysts called when it is in a different phase than the reactants?
Heterogeneous Catalyst
What does Le Chatelier's Principle ignore as a stress?
liquids and solids.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change form.
What is the second Law of Thermodynamics?
The entropy of the universe must always either increase or remain the same. it can never decrease.
What is a Catalyst called when it has the same phase as at least one of the reactants.
Homogeneous Catalyst
What is Acid ionization reaction?
The reaction in which a H+ ion separates from an acid molecule so that it can be donated in another reaction.
What is a calorie? (Not the kind you eat.)
The amount of heat necessary to warm one gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
What do all substances and elements have?
An absolute entropy.
The rate of many chemical reactions.
What is the equilibrium constant for acid's ionization reaction?
Acid ionization constant.