1800-1812
This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review in 1803, allowing the judiciary to declare laws unconstitutional
What is Marbury v. Madison
his phrase, coined by a Boston newspaper in 1817, described the period of strong nationalism and one-party dominance under President James Monroe.
What is the "Era of Good Feelings"?
This term describes the policy of rewarding political supporters with public office positions, practiced widely by Jackson.
What is the Spoils System?
This phrase, coined by John L. O'Sullivan, expressed the popular belief that the US was divinely ordained to expand its dominion and democracy across the North American continent.
What is Manifest Destiny?
The invention of this machine by Eli Whitney in the 1790s accidentally cemented the South's reliance on slave labor for the next 70 years.
What is the cotton gin?
his piece of legislation enacted by Jefferson in 1807 halted all American foreign trade and devastated the U.S. economy
What is the Embargo Act
This 1820 legislative action maintained the sectional balance in the Senate by admitting Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, while banning slavery north of the 36°30' parallel in the Louisiana Territory.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
This new political party emerged in the 1830s specifically to oppose "King Andrew I" and his expanded use of presidential power
What is the Whig Party?
Held in 1848 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, this convention is considered the birthplace of the American women's rights movement.
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
This President, elected in 1840, gave the longest inaugural address in history (nearly two hours) and died exactly one month later, making his presidency the shortest.
Who is William Henry Harrison?
Thomas Jefferson sent these two men to explore the new Louisiana territory and find a water route to the Pacific Ocean
Who are Meriwether Lewis and William Clark?
This economic plan proposed by Henry Clay sought to promote American industrial growth through protective tariffs, a national bank, and federally funded internal improvements.
What is the American System?
This 1830 federal law authorized President Jackson to negotiate treaties forcing the relocation of thousands of Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.
What is the Indian Removal Act?
This reformer traveled extensively documenting the horrific conditions of asylums and prisons, leading to nationwide pushes for mental health reform
Who is Dorothea Dix?
Completed in 1825, this 363-mile "big ditch" connected the Atlantic Ocean via the Hudson River to the Great Lakes, revolutionizing trade and transportation in New York.
What is the Erie Canal?
This term refers to the group of aggressive young Congressmen, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who advocated for war with Britain in 1812
Who are the War Hawks?
Announced in 1823, this cornerstone foreign policy statement warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
Jackson intensely disliked this institution, which held federal deposits and was run by Nicholas Biddle, seeing it as a tool of the wealthy elite.
What is the Second Bank of the United States?
This prominent abolitionist published the newspaper The Liberator, advocating for the immediate and uncompensated emancipation of enslaved people.
Who is William Lloyd Garrison?
The incredibly low price per acre the United States paid for the Louisiana Territory, which nearly doubled the size of the nation.
What is 3 cents per acre?
General William Henry Harrison defeated Native American forces at this 1811 battle, where British-supplied weapons were found, escalating calls for war.
What is the Battle of Tippecanoe?
Negotiated by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams in 1819, this treaty ceded Florida to the United States and established the U.S. border with Spanish Mexico
What is the Adams-Onís Treaty?
John C. Calhoun developed this doctrine, arguing that states could legally invalidate federal laws they deemed unconstitutional within their borders.
What is the doctrine of nullification?
This religious group practiced celibacy, communal living, and intricate ritual dance, establishing successful, self-sufficient communities in the 1840s.
Who are the Shakers?
The first commercial steamboat service, the North River Steamboat (later named the Clermont), was launched on the Hudson River in 1807 by this inventor and businessman.
Who is Robert Fulton?