Reconstruction & the West- Ch. 1
__________ was to integrate or be absorbed into the culture of a population or group.
assimilate
_______________________ were state and local statutes enforcing racial segregation in the Southern U.S. from the late 19th century until 1965, mandating "separate but equal" status in public facilities. They followed post-Civil War Black Codes (1865-1866)
Jim Crow laws
_____________ is an economic system where individuals and businesses own and operate resources and industries.
It is characterized by private ownership of the means of production—such as factories, mines, and farms—where production, distribution, and pricing are driven by competitive markets.
Capitalism
The political movement that elevates working class people over the elites. Politicians claim to represent the interests of masses of people.
Populism
_______________ is a type of journalism that rarely relies on facts and is known for its exaggeration.
Yellow journalism
In 1862, Congress passed the _________________, which helped fund colleges by giving states federal land based on their representation in Congress. States sold this land—much of it taken from Native American tribes—and invested the money, using the interest to support the operation of higher education institutions.
Morrill Land Grant Act
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the __________________________doctrine. The 7–1 ruling affirmed a Louisiana law requiring segregated train cars, providing legal legitimacy to Jim Crow laws and justifying state-imposed segregation for over half a century.
"separate but equal"
Which famous black woman was known for creating hair products for women? She was said to be the first female self-made millionaire in America.
Madam C. J. Walker
____________________ immigrated to America and later exposed the conditions of the tenement slums. This work led to the New York Tenement House Act of 1901.
Jacob Riis
________________ is the policy in which a stronger nation extends its political, economic, or military control over weaker territories to gain power and resources.
Imperialism
These _______________ Railroad made it easier for people to travel from East to West. More importantly, they allowed crops, raw materials, and finished goods to be easily transported across the country which made moving West—and living on the frontier—easier and more profitable.
Transcontinental
List three ways that African Americas were kept from voting.
(You must name all 3).
Literacy Tests
Poll Taxes
Grandfather Clause
_________________________ is a crowded, low-cost apartment building, typically found in older, run-down city neighborhoods. These structures are characterized by multiple small, often poorly lit and ventilated, units or rooms rented out to families, particularly in the early 20th century
Tenement housing
What was the name of investigative journalists during the Progressive Era? They exposed political, economic, and social injustices?
Muckrakers
The __________________ exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba, on February 15, 1898, killing 266 men, which directly sparked the Spanish-American War.
USS Maine
________ were Black Americans from southern states who were looking to find a better life. When Reconstruction ended in 1877, the gains Black Americans had made during the previous 12 years eroded quickly. They sought to escape the violent backlash of white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan, political disenfranchisement, and the exploitative sharecropping system.
Exodusters
He was a civil rights leader.
He wanted true equality between the races.
He felt the most well-educated African Americans “Talented Tenth,” would lead the race forward.
He co-founded the NAACP and socialist solutions to racism.
W. E. B. Du Bois
A ___________ is a market structure where a single company or entity is the exclusive provider of a particular good or service, resulting in no competition and high barriers to entry.
monopoly
________ wrote The History of Standard Oil. The book explained how Rockefeller drove out his competition and created a monopoly.
Ida Tarbell
As a direct result of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish-American War, Spain ceded control of which three territories to the United States?
Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico
The ______________________________ (June 1876), also known as "Custer's Last Stand," was a massive military engagement in Montana where Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors defeated the U.S. Army's 7th Cavalry. Led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, Native forces killed Lt. Col. George Custer and over 200 of his men, marking a major victory for Native resistance against forced relocation
Battle of the Little Bighorn
The _______________ was a late-19th-century spiritual movement among Native American tribes, promising the return of traditional life, the return of the buffalo, and the removal of white settlers.
Ghost Dance
Who greatly expanded and revolutionized the American railroad system?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
This president (in 1904) advocated for what he called the "Square Deal- which would control corporations, protect consumers, and conserve natural resources.
You must use his first and last name.
Theodore Roosevelt
_____________________ was Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy, often summarized as negotiating peacefully while threatening a credible, powerful military deterrent, focused on assertive U.S. intervention in international affairs. This approach to international relations enabled the U.S. to protect its interests through quiet negotiations, backed by the implicit threat of superior force
The Big Stick Diplomacy