Show:
Movements
History
Racing
Disciplines
Health
100

What fault is occurring when the rear foot strikes the opposite front? What gait is it seen in?

Cross firing and pacing

100

1. First true monodactyl horse, one toe

2. 4 toes in front, 3 in back, size of fox/14 in tall

1. Pliohippus

2. Hyracotherium

100

Big steeplechase race called what?

Grand nationals


100

What does 3 day eventing consist of ?

  • Dressage
  • Cross country
  • Show jumping
100

Basic components of blood in horses; % in veins vs in arteries?

40% in arteries and 60% in veins


200

What does movement look like in a paddling horse? What forefront conformation do they have?

Legs swing outwards every stride and they are pigeon toed

200

Describe the early uses of horses and key populations or periods

  • Meat
  • Milk
  • Riding
  • Driving 
200

Major pacing races

Messenger stakes, little brown jug, cane pace

200

What elements could make up a reining pattern?

Small, slow circles, fast circles, flying lead changes, spinning in place, sliding stops

200

What is roaring and how can it be fixed?

larynx folds, creates a loud whistling noise, can be helped with tieback surgery

300

What is the technical gait movement of the paso-fino and what are the three types?

Lateral non-synchronous gait. Paso fino/corto/largo

300

How did horses come into the US?

Through Spanish and Colonial invasions, however some escaped and created wild populations. Horses were also traded with Native Americans

300

Major trotting races

Yonkers trot, Hambletonian, UK futurity

300

Difference between cutting and penning?

Cutting-  Separate calf from herd, try to keep away 

Penning- Separate calf into pen- often done as a team

300

Why can a horse not breathe through its mouth?

Long soft palate 


400

Describe footfalls of a left lead canter, right lead gallop, and walk

Canter- 3 beat gait- 

  • left lead- start with back right, back left and right front same, then left front

Gallop- 4 beat gait with period of suspension

  • Right lead, left hind, right hind, left front, right front

Walk- 4 beat gait

-  hind right, front right, hind left, front left


400

What are the four major changes/trends that happened to the horse throughout evolution?

  • Elongated skull
  • Teeth adapted to grazing
  • Went from 5 digits to one main digit on their feet/ 3 or for toes to a single hoof
  • Body size increase
400

1. Major UK TB Races

2. Major US TB Races

1. 2000 Guineas, St. Lager Stakes, Epsom Derby

2. Preakness, Belmont, Kentucky Derby

400

What are the elements of bronc riding?

  • Try and stay on for 8 seconds
  • Bucking strap put on
  • 50 pts rider 50 pts for horse
400

What issue obstructs airways, with the palate sitting on top of the epiglottis, and comes and goes. What can treat this?

Dorsal displacement of soft palate. Can be treated with nosebands or surgery.
500

Describe plating 

Horses walks on tightrope, twist front leg in front of supporting leg, common in narrow chested horses


500

What are the 6 criteria for domestication?

  • Flexible diet.   
  • Bred in captivity
  • Unlikely to panic
  • Mature quickly
  • Good temperament
  • Recognize human as leader
500

Describe Thoroughbred, Steeplechase, Standardbred, Quarter horse and Endurance racing

  • Thoroughbred- 5 furlongs to 2 miles
  • Steeplechase- 2-4 miles over obstacles 
  • Standardbred- harness racing, done at pace or trot, 1 mile
  • QH- 30 second race, 1/4 of mile at 45-50 mph
  • Endurance- Arabs, 50-100 miles at avg 12 mph, vet checks and water breaks
500

Describe elements of Polo

  • team of 4 people
  • 4-8 rounds (chukkas)
  • Usually need 2 horses per round
  • 7 minutes each
  • Ends change after each goal
500

What are the main functions of the skin and coat?

  • Protection
  • Regulate temperature through sweating
  • Sensation
  • Synthesis of vitamin D