Definitions
What is extradition?
officials in one state return a defendant to another state where a crime was committed.
What was the Compassionate Use Act of 1996?
Made marijuana legal for medical reasons if under super vision.
Commerce Clause
grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business & commercial activity.
What is selective incorporation?
the supreme court applies fundamental rights in the bill of rights to the states on a case by case basis.
McCulloch v. Maryland
in 1819 Maryland tried to tax the second bank of the U.S., and James McCulloch, a bank cahsier, refused to pay the taxes. reinforced federal supremacy.
What are concurrent powers?
Powers to both the states & federal government
What was the Controlled Substances Act of 1970
Identifying the drug as dangerous.
Full Faith & Credit Clause
States must acknowledge public acts, records, and civil court from other states.
What is cooperative federalism?
the states and the national government work together to shape public policy .
Gibbons v. Ogdon
In 1824 New York granted a monopoly to operate steamboats on it's waters, which conflicted with a federal license held by Thomas Gibbons.
What is a confederation?
state government has power over national government.
What is the unitary system?
The central government has power over subnational government.
What is the thirteenth amendment?
outlaws slavery
What is the commerce clause?
prohibit the local cultivation and use of marijuana, even when states approve it for medical purposes.
Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1896 Homer Plessy challenged a Louisiana law requiring racial segregation on trains by refusing to sit in a "whites-only car. Justified by "separate but equal.
What are exclusive powers?
powers only the national government can exercise.
What is the Confederal system?
The subnational governments have most of the power.
What is the fourteenth amendment?
anyone born in the U.S. is a citizen and has equal protection under the law.
What is fiscal federalism?
The federal government's use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in the states.
Gonzales v. Raich
In 2005 a supreme court case that ruled congress has the power under the commerce clause to stop the local cultivation of marjuana (no matter the medical reasons).
What is Devolution?
Returning more authority to state or local governments.
What are enumerated or expressed powers?
powers granted to the national government through the constitution.
What is dual federalism?
the states & national government operates independentlyin their own areas of public policy.
What are categorical grants?
Grant-in-Aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use.
United States v. Lopez
In 1995 a Supreme Court case ruled Congress exceeded its commerce clause by banning guns near schools, limiting federal authority over non-economic local activities.