1970s
This organization, founded in 1960, controls a significant portion of the world's oil supply and aims to coordinate oil production policies among its member countries. It played a notable role in escalating fuel prices during the 1970s Oil Crises.
What is OPEC? (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Dubbed the Great Communicator, this man became a popular two-term president. He cut taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets and is credited with helping to bring a quicker end to the Cold War. The historical figure, who survived a 1981 assassination attempt, died at age 93 after battling Alzheimer’s disease.
Who was Ronald Reagan?
The Persian Gulf War, also known as Operation Desert Storm or the First Gulf War, began in 1991 after leader of Iraq ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. Alarmed by these actions, Arab powers such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt called on the United States and other Western nations to intervene. The Iraq leader defied United Nations Security Council demands to withdraw from Kuwait by mid-January 1991, and Operation Desert Storm began with a massive U.S.-led air offensive. After 42 days of relentless attacks, U.S. President George H.W. Bush declared a cease-fire on February 28; by that time, most Iraqi forces in Kuwait had either surrendered or fled.
Who was Saddam Hussein?
This was the nuclear power plant in Ukraine that was the site of a disastrous nuclear accident on April 26, 1986. A routine test at the power plant went horribly wrong, and two massive explosions blew the 1,000-ton roof off one of the plant’s reactors, releasing 400 times more radiation than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
What was Chernobyl?
In the 1980s and early 1990s, the outbreak of HIV and AIDS swept across the United States and rest of the world, though the disease originated decades earlier. Today, more than this many people have been infected with HIV and about 35 million have died from AIDS since the start of the pandemic, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). (Be within 5 million).
What is 70 million?
This strategy, introduced by President Nixon in the early 1970s, aimed to gradually shift combat responsibilities to South Vietnamese forces while withdrawing US troops from Vietnam.
What is Vietnamization?
This refers to the economic policies of Ronald Reagan, the 40th U.S. president, serving from 1981–1989. His economic policies called for widespread tax cuts, decreased social spending, increased military spending, and the deregulation of domestic markets. These policies were introduced in response to a prolonged period of economic stagflation that began under President Gerald Ford in 1976.
What is Reaganomics?
On January 1, 1994, one of the largest and most significant trade pacts in world history came into effect. This pact between Canada, the United States and Mexico removed most of the trade barriers between the three countries, but it has been controversial in all three since its inception.
What was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
This term (“restructuring” in Russian) refers to a series of political and economic reforms meant to kick-start the stagnant 1980s economy of the Soviet Union. The president at the time oversaw the most fundamental changes to his nation’s economic engine and political structure since the Russian Revolution of 1917. But the suddenness of these reforms, coupled with growing instability both inside and outside the Soviet Union, would contribute to the collapse of the U.S.S.R. in 1991.
What is "perestroika"?
START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a bilateral treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the reduction and the limitation of strategic offensive arms. The treaty was signed on 31 July 1991 and entered into force on 5 December of this year. The treaty barred its signatories from deploying more than 6,000 nuclear warheads and a total of 1,600 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and bombers.
This event began in the early hours of June 28, 1969 when New York City police raided a gay club located in Greenwich Village in New York City. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park. This event served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world.
What were the Stonewall Riots (Uprising)?
This man was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 and additionally as head of state beginning in 1988, as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990 and the only President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Ideologically, he initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism but moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s.
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
The 2000 United States presidential election was the 54th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican Texas Governor George W. Bush, the eldest son of George H. W. Bush, narrowly defeated this incumbent Democratic Vice President. It was the fourth of five U.S. presidential elections, and the first since 1888, in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote, and is considered one of the closest U.S. presidential elections, with long-standing controversy about the result.
Who is Al Gore?
The Watergate scandal began early in the morning of June 17, 1972, when several burglars were arrested in the office of this organization, located in the Watergate complex of buildings in Washington, D.C. This was no ordinary robbery: The prowlers were connected to President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign, and they had been caught wiretapping phones and stealing documents. Nixon took aggressive steps to cover up the crimes, but when Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein revealed his role in the conspiracy, Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974. The Watergate scandal changed American politics forever, leading many Americans to question their leaders and think more critically about the presidency.
What is the Democratic National Committee?
On August 13, 1961, the Communist government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) began to build a barbed wire and concrete “Antifascistischer Schutzwall,” or “antifascist bulwark,” between East and West Berlin. The official purpose of this Berlin Wall was to keep so-called Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state, but it primarily served the objective of stemming mass defections from East to West. The Berlin Wall stood until this date when the head of the East German Communist Party announced that citizens of the GDR could cross the border whenever they pleased. That night, ecstatic crowds swarmed the wall. Some crossed freely into West Berlin, while others brought hammers and picks and began to chip away at the wall itself. To this day, the Berlin Wall remains one of the most powerful and enduring symbols of the Cold War. (Must have correct month and year)
What is November 9, 1989?
The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a grassroots movement for Indigenous rights, founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Originally an urban-focused movement formed in response to police brutality and racial profiling, AIM grew rapidly in the 1970s and became the driving force behind the Indigenous civil rights movement. They garnered greater national attention when they occupied this island asserting Indigenous authority over the island in an ironic imitation of Europeans’ takeover of the continent.
What is Alcatraz Island?
President Ronald Reagan saw this program as a safeguard against the most terrifying Cold War outcome—nuclear annihilation. When Reagan first announced it on March 23, 1983, he called upon the U.S. scientists who “gave us nuclear weapons to turn their great talents to the cause of mankind and world peace: to give us the means of rendering these nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete.”
What was the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)?
Bill Clinton (1946-), the 42nd U.S. president, served in office from 1993 to 2001. Prior to that, the native of this state and Democrat was governor of his home state. During Clinton’s time in the White House, America enjoyed an era of peace and prosperity, marked by low unemployment, declining crime rates and a budget surplus.
What is Arkansas?
In 1972, Richard Nixon and this Soviet premier signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I), which prohibited the manufacture of nuclear missiles by both sides and took a step toward reducing the decades-old threat of nuclear war.
Who was Leonid Brezhnev?
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 was the top domestic priority of President Reagan's second term. The act lowered federal income tax rates, decreasing the number of tax brackets and reducing the top tax rate from 50 percent to this percent.
What is 28 percent?
As the 39th president of the United States, Jimmy Carter struggled to respond to formidable challenges, including a major energy crisis as well as high inflation and unemployment. In the foreign affairs arena, he reopened U.S. relations with China and made efforts to broker peace in the historic Arab-Israeli conflict, but was damaged late in his term by a hostage crisis in Iran. This was the year in which he was born (be within 5 years)
What is 1924?
The Iran-Contra Affair was a secret U.S. arms deal that traded missiles and other arms to free some Americans held hostage by terrorists in Lebanon, but also used funds from the arms deal to support armed conflict in Nicaragua. The controversial deal—and the ensuing political scandal—threatened to bring down the presidency of Ronald Reagan. It was this man, a Lieutenant Colonel of the National Security Council that took the blame. He received a light sentence of a fine, probation, and community service.
Who is Oliver North?
George H. W. Bush, as the 41st President (1989-1993), brought to the White House a dedication to traditional American values and a determination to direct them toward making the United States “a kinder and gentler nation” in the face of a dramatically changing world. He passed away on November 30, 2018, at this age. (Be within one year +/-)
What is 94 years old?
The Camp David Accords were a series of agreements signed by these two leaders following nearly two weeks of secret negotiations at Camp David, the historic country retreat of the president of the United States. President Jimmy Carter brought the two sides together, and the accords were signed on September 17, 1978. The landmark agreement stabilized the fractious relations between Israel and Egypt, though the long-term impact of the Camp David Accords remains up for debate.
Who were Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin?
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a U.S. senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and as the first lady of the U.S. to president Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the party's nominee in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, becoming the first woman to win a presidential nomination by a major U.S. political party and the first woman to win the popular vote for U.S. president. This is the city where she was born.
What is Chicago, Illinois?