Virus
A virus requires what to replicate?
A host
What are the three shapes a bacteria could be?
Circle (cocci), Rod (bacillus), and Spiral (Spirilla)
Group that lacks a nucleus and organelles (example Bacteria)
Prokaryotic
When a disease spreads from continent to continent
Pandemic
Antigens
What are two key features of all viruses?
Nucleic acids (dna or rna) and capsid
What is a sexual form of reproduction for bacteria that involves them sharing plasmids using a pilus
Conjugation
What taxonomic group comes after domain?
Kingdom
When a disease annually appears in a specific region with expected numbers of cases
endemic
Antibodies are produced by what cell?
B cell
Why would a dog not be able to get HIV?
Viruses are host/species specific (lack the cellular receptors needed for the virus to enter the cells)
An obligate aerobe requires what to survive?
Oxygen
Name the three domains of life
Archaea, Eukarya, and Bacteria
Gonnorhea is a sexual disease meaning it requires what type of transmission to spread
Direct
What cell in the 3rd line of defense kills infected cells
T killer cell
A virus can better survive in the environment if it lacks what?
An envelope
What makes a gram positive cell different from a gram negative cell?
A gram positive cell will stain purple because it has layers of peptigycan (no second outer membrane)
If you start with one bacteria (gen 0), how many will you have after 6 generations?
64
COVID and Measles can spread long distances because they have what type of transmission
Air-borne
Which cell is a part of the 2nd line of defense, arrives early, and becomes pus
Neutrophils
What type of reproduction involves a bacteria and virus?
Transduction
What is the advantage bacteria have when they form endospores?
Allow the bacteria to survive in harsh environments for long periods of time (dormancy)
Name three organelles and what role they play?
answers vary
Name the 6 chains of the transmission cycle
Pathogen, Reservoir, exit portal, transmission, entry portal, susceptible host
What triggers inflammation?
Histamine