Enzymes
Enzymes are what type of Macromolecule?
Protein
What is the monomer of Lipids?
Fatty Acids & Glycerol
What is the monomer of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
("Mono" = 1, "saccharide" = sugar)
What is the monomer of Protein?
Amino Acids
What is the monomer of Nucleic Acids?
Nucleiotides
(Adenine, Thymine, Cytocine, Guanine, Uracil)
1. Enzymes typically end in the suffix ______.
2. Sugars typically end in the suffix ______.
1. Enzymes typically end with "-ase"
2. Sugars typically end with "-ose"
What is the main function of Lipids? AND list at least 2 examples.
Long-term energy storage
(Fats, oils, waxes, cell membrane)
What is the main function of carbohydrates? AND provide at least 2 examples of carb-rich food.
Short-term energy storage
(Bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, cereal, wheat, chips, cake, sugar)
What is the main function of Protein? AND provide at least 2 examples of protein-rich foods.
Biological processes, build structures, immune system, etc.
(Steak, Chicken, Pork, Beef, Eggs, Beans, Nuts)
What is the main function of Nucleic Acids? Provide 2 examples.
Stores genetic information
(DNA and RNA)
What happens to an Enzyme when its environment changes outside of the normal temperature and pH levels?
Denatures.
(Enzyme changes shape and becomes inactive)
1. What elements are lipids typically composed of?
2. What shape can you recognize most lipids?
1. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen "CHO"
2. Long hydrocarbon backbone (tails)
What elements are Carbs typically composed of?
What shape are Carbs typically?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen "CHO"
Circular / hexagon shape
What elements is a protein typically composed of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
"CHON"
1. Where in the cell are nucleic acids found?
2. What elements are nucleic acids composed of?
1. Nucleus
2. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus. "CHONP"
1. Enzymes act by ______ activation energy, thereby _______ the rate of chemical reactions. (Reducing/Raising), (Decreasing/Increasing)
2. What is the name of the place where Enzymes and their substrates bind for a chemical reaction?
1. Reducing, Increasing
2. Active Site
What are the 3 types of Lipids?
Triglyceride, Phospholipid, Steroid
What are the 3 types of Carbohydrates? (from simple to complex)
Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide
(mono = 1, di = 2, poly = many)
(saccharide = sugar)
What are the 2 steps of protein synthesis? (how proteins are made)
Transcription and Translation
Transcription
mRNA copies the "information/code/recipe" in DNA to use for making proteins.
A breakdown of lactose into its 2 parts, glucose & galactose, is caused by which enzyme?
1. Which type of lipid creates the cell membrane?
2. Which type of lipid creates fat on the body?
1. Phospholipid
2. Triglyceride
Which is considered a Polysaccharide?
Glucose / Lactose / Starch / Maltose
Starch. (polysaccharide stored in plants)
Glycogen (polysaccharide stored in animals)
Name a function that protein does within the cell membrane.
Use active transport to move ions
Allow glucose to diffuse into the cell
Receive signals from hormones
Which step of protein synthesis uses mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA to deliver amino acids and construct a protein?
Translation