What happens to the solubility of solids as temperature increases?
Solubility increases
100
What types of elements are in an ionic compound?
Metal and non-metal
100
The pH scale goes from _____ to _____.
1-14
100
Name 3 heavy metals.
Lead, mercury, arsenic
200
Which part of a solution is present in the greater amount?
solvent
200
At a given temperature if 70 grams are added and 50 grams form a saturated solution, how much will precipitate?
20 grams (70 g - 50 g = 20 g)
200
Why does water dissolve ionic compounds?
The oppositely charged ends of each substance attract each other (positive and negatives attract.)
200
The pH range of an acid is. . .
1-6
200
Why are heavy metals called "heavy metals?"
Because they have a high atomic mass.
300
Why is water called the universal solvent?
Because it can dissolve so many different substances
300
What happens to gas solubility in a liquid as temperature increases?
decreases
300
The formula for table salt is NaCl. Which atom has a negative charge?
Cl (chlorine)
300
The pH range of a base is . . .
8-14
400
What 3 factors increase the rate of solution?
Stirring, heat, crushing the solute
400
Any given point on the curve of the solubility graph represents a _____________ solution for that substance.
saturated
400
Why do water and oil not mix?
Because water is polar and has charges, and oil is non-polar and does not have charges, so they do not mix.
400
An ___________ changes color if the pH of a substance changes.
indicator
400
How do heavy metals enter into the water supply?
Run-off from factories, paints, pipes, old thermometers, etc.
500
What is the difference between a saturated solution and an unsaturated solution?
A saturated solution has the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature; an unsaturated solution has less than this amount.
500
What are the x and y-axes on the solubility curve graph?
x-axis = temperature
y-axis = grams of solute per 100 grams of water
500
Polar molecules and non-polar molecules:
list two combinations that DO mix and WHY
and
list one combination that does NOT mix and WHY
Polar and polar MIX because they both have charges and they attract each other
Non-polar and non-polar MIX because they are similar substances
Polar and non-polar do NOT mix because non-polar do not have charges and do not attract the polar molecules
500
Would soda with a pH of 3 be a strong acid, strong base, or neutral?
strong acid
500
What are some effects of heavy-metal poisoning?
kidney and liver damage, brain damage, nervous system damage, death