Chemical and Physical Properties
Classifications of Matter
Periodic Table Trends
Chemical Bonding
Real-World Applications
100
This type of property can be observed without changing the substance, such as its color or melting point.
Physical property.
100
This is the simplest form of matter, made up of only one type of atom.
Element.
100
Elements in the same group have this in common, which explains why they behave similarly in reactions.
The same number of valence electrons.
100
This type of bond forms when atoms share electrons.
Covalent bond.
100
Aluminum is used in soda cans because it is lightweight and resists this.
Corrosion.
200
This type of property involves how a substance reacts, like iron forming rust when exposed to oxygen.
Chemical property.
200
Two or more elements chemically bonded together form this type of substance.
Compound.
200
As you move down a group on the periodic table, atoms get larger because this increases.
The number of energy levels.
200
This type of bond forms when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating charged ions.
Ionic bond.
200
Titanium dioxide is used in sunscreen because it does this to harmful UV rays.
Reflects them.
300
When wood burns and turns into ash and smoke, this type of change has occurred.
Chemical change.
300
If a mixture has visibly different parts, like sand and iron filings, it’s called this.
Heterogeneous mixture.
300
The most reactive metals are found in this group, which includes lithium, sodium, and potassium.
Group 1 (alkali metals).
300
Metals form this type of bond where electrons are delocalized and free to move.
Metallic bond.
300
Copper is commonly used in electrical wiring because it is an excellent conductor of this.
Electricity.
400
Properties like mass and volume that depend on the amount of material present are known as these.
Extensive properties.
400
If a mixture looks uniform throughout, like salt dissolved in water, it’s called this.
Homogeneous mixture.
400
Noble gases, like helium and neon, are unreactive because their outer electron shells are this.
Full.
400
The oxygen molecule (O2) is held together by this type of bond.
Covalent bond.
400
Ceramics are used in high-temperature cookware because they are stable under these conditions.
High temperatures
500
Properties like density and boiling point that do not depend on the amount of material are known as these.
Intensive properties.
500
In this type of mixture, the individual components retain their properties but are not chemically bonded.
Mixture.
500
Moving across a period, this property, which measures how strongly an atom attracts electrons, increases
Electronegativity.
500
Ionic compounds, like salt, have high melting points because of these strong forces between ions.
Electrostatic forces.
500
Helium is used in balloons instead of hydrogen because it is this.
Non-flammable.
600
When you see bubbling and fizzing during a reaction, it’s evidence that this type of change has occurred.
Chemical change.
600
Air, which is evenly mixed, is an example of this type of matter.
Homogeneous mixture.
600
This group, containing fluorine and chlorine, is the most reactive group of nonmetals.
Group 17 (halogens).
600
Atoms form chemical bonds because they want to achieve this stable electron configuration.
A full outer shell.
600
Quartz is used in making glass because it is _____ and transparent.
Hard
700
This term describes changes like melting, freezing, or boiling, where the substance’s identity stays the same.
Physical change.
700
Table salt (NaCl) is an example of this type of matter because it contains chemically bonded elements.
Compound.
700
As you move down a group, it becomes easier to remove an electron because this property decreases.
Ionization energy.
700
This bond, found in water molecules, forms between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms like oxygen.
Hydrogen bond.
700
Stainless steel resists rust and is commonly used in these kitchen tools.
Utensils.
800
When magnesium reacts with acid, producing gas, this type of property is demonstrated.
Chemical property.
800
This happens to the properties of substances in a mixture: they remain unchanged.
They retain their original properties.
800
Elements in the same group form similar compounds because they have the same number of these.
Valence electrons.
800
Triple bonds, like those in nitrogen gas (N2), involve this many shared pairs of electrons.
Three.
800
Graphite, used as a lubricant, works because its layers do this easily.
Slide over each other.
900
This type of change occurs when water freezes into ice but remains chemically .
Physical change.
900
A molecule is made of two or more atoms, but this type of substance specifically contains two or more different elements bonded together.
Compound.
900
Elements in this group, like helium and argon, have the highest ionization energies.
Group 18 (noble gases).
900
Covalent bonds usually form between these types of elements.
Nonmetals.
900
Sodium is stored in oil to prevent it from reacting violently with this.
Water.
1000
Combustion, where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light, is an example of this type of change.
Chemical change.
1000
Water (H2O) is a compound because its elements are combined in this specific way.
In a fixed ratio.
1000
As you move down a group, atoms have more energy levels, causing this property to increase.
Atomic radius.
1000
This term describes the outermost electrons involved in bonding.
Valence electrons.
1000
Gold is valuable in electronics because it is highly conductive and resistant to this.
Corrosion.