Cancer Overview
what size tumor is palpable
1cm
risk factors
female, >50, family/personal HX, early menarche, late menopause, 1st PG after 30, weight gain/obesity, HRT, exposure to radiation, ETOH
difference between hospice and palliative care
hospice <6 months to live
palliative care: improve quality of life, any stage of a serious illness
given for agitation at end of life
Haloperidol/Haldol
risk factors for prostate cancer
Increasing age (65+), Ethnicity (African American), Diet high in red/processed meats, high fat, low intake of fruits and vegetables
patient education re: nausea
eat small portions more frequently, avoid highly spicy/greasy/fried/fatty foods, eat saltines, drink clear cool liquids (apple, cranberry, ginger ale, popsicles), antinausea meds prior to tx, guided imagery, acupuncture
this lung cancer type is most commonly associated with hormone production leading to SIADH
small-cell lung cancer
Difference between living with and DPOAHC
Living will: defines what one wants, or does not want, if near death
DPOAHC: person legally appointed to endure living will is followed. cannot supersede living will
what is ethinyl estradiol (med type and what it's used for)
gonadal hormone used for prostate and metastatic breast cancer
irritative symptoms vs obstructive symptoms
irritative: nocturia, urinary frequency/urgency, dysuria, bladder pain, incontinence
obstructive: decrease in volume/force of urinary stream, difficulty establishing urinary stream, dribbling at the end of urination
common S/E across all treatment types
nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
bone marrow suppression
clinical manifestations of inflammatory breast cancer
hard irregularly shaped non mobile nontender lump, nipple discharge, nipple retraction, peau d'orange, dimpling of skin
nursing interventions for death rattle
administer anticholinergic drugs, elevate head of bed, turn pt to side
Fluorouracil and leucovorin indications
used postop as adjunct therapy for colorectal cancer to prevent recurrence and reduce metastases
three most important nursing considerations for pts with NG tube bowel obstruction
maintain NPO status, maintain pt in a semi-Fowler position, assess for peristalsis by auscultating for bowel sounds with the suction turned off
Neutropenic considerations
report fever 100.4 longer than 1 hr or 101, private room if WBC <1500, avoid fresh fruit/raw vegetables/plants/flowers, hand hygiene, restrict ill visitors, avoid crowds, monitor temp, tachycardia, chills, change in MS
lumpectomy, mastectomy with or without reconstruction
medications given for seizures at end of life
Benzodiazepine, Barbiturates
docetaxel side effects
bone marrow suppression, decreased WBC, RBC, + Platelets, peripheral neuropathy
5-15 years
7 warning signs of cancer
Change in bladder/bowel habits
A sore throat that does not heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening/lump
Indigestion/difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in mole
Nagging cough/hoarseness
diagnosis
BSE, mammography, ultrasound, MRI, biopsy
what is given if opioids do not control dyspnea at end of life
Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, Diuretics, Antibiotics, Anticholinergics, Benzodiazepines (Versed, lorazepam)
doxorubicin considerations
Lifetime dose due to cardio toxicity, bone marrow suppression, extravasation
disgnostics for prostate cancer
PSA blood test
Digital Rectal Exam
Prostate biopsy