bacteria/archaea
what is common in both bacteria and archaea and consists of protein or glycoprotein?
S-layers
highly differentiated cells resistant to heat, harsh chemicals and radiation. "dormant" stage of bacterial life cycle. ideal for dispersal and present only in some gram positive bacteria. what am i?
endospore
what is growth?
the increase in the number of cells
what is MreB?
its the major shape-determining factor in prokaryotes and organizes the elongasome
growth of a microbial population in which cell numbers double within a specific time interval. during this type of growth, the increase in cell number is initially slow but increases at a faster rate
exponential growth
what are the layers of the fungal cell wall from inside to outside?
chitin--> glucans (glycans (monosaccharide repeats derived from glucose))--> mannoproteins
what is the structure of endospores
contains DPA and a core that contains SASP that protects DNA and serves as energy reserve
cell division following enlargement of a cell to twice its minimum size.
binary fission
what is FtsZ?
it forms a ring around the center of the cell and organizes the dividsome
what is batch culture?
a closed system microbial culture of fixed volume with 4 phases in population growth
what is fimbriae?
a filamentous protein structure that enables organims to stick to surfaces or form pellicles
flagella
what si generation time?
the time required for microbial cells to double in number
a carrier molecule that plays a vital role in insertion of peptidoglycan precursors
bactoprenol
what are the four phases of batch culture in order from start to finish?
lag phase (minimal growth)
exponential phase (highest growth rate; typically healthiest state)
stationary phase (growth rate = 0, stable)
death phase (population decreasing due to environment lacking sufficient nutrients for the population growth)
what is pilus?
a filamentous protein structure thats typically longer than fimbriae which assists in surface attachment and facilitates genetic exchange between cells
what is the filament of the flagellar structure of bacteria composed of?
flagellin
true or false: preexisting peptidoglycan needs to be severed to allow newly synthesized peptidoglycan to form
true
what facilitates the location of the FtsZ ring that forms after DNA is replicated?
Min proteins
an open system microbial culture of fixed volume
continuous culture
what are some cell inclusions?
PHS composed of lipis
glycogen composed of glucose polymer
polysphosphates which are accumulations of inorganic phosphate
sulfur globules which are composed of elemental sulfur
carbonate minerals composed of barium, strontium, and magnesium
magnetosomes which are magnetic storage inclusions
how does flagella increase or decrease rotational speed?
in relation to the strength of the proton motive force
small openings in the wall are created by ________. new cell wall material is added across the openings
autolysins
name the enzymes in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and what they do? (2)
glycolases; enzyme that interacts with bactoprenol to catalyze glycosidic bond formation
transpeptidation; is the final step in cell wall synthesis where it is inhibited by the antibiotic penicillin
a chemostat is the most common type of continuous culture device where both __1__ __2__ and __3_ __4_ of culture can be controlled independently and simultaneously, by two parameters: _____5____ and __6__ of limiting nutrient
1. growth
2. rate
3. growth
4. yield
5. dilution rate
6. concentration