Human Body System Functions
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange, which involves bringing oxygen into the body for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the body
What does the prefix "hyper-" mean?
The prefix hyper- means "over," "above," "beyond," or "excessive"
What happens when homeostasis is disrupted?
The body's stable internal environment becomes imbalanced, which can lead to a cascade of negative effects including cell damage, illness, and disease.
Which macromolecule provides fast energy?
Carbohydrates
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a type of protein (or occasionally, a ribonucleic acid molecule) that acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions within living organisms without being consumed by the reaction itself.
Name two organs involved in the digestive system.
Two organs involved in the digestive system are the stomach and the small intestine. The stomach is where food is mixed with digestive juices to break it down further, and the small intestine continues the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body.
Define "itis" in medical terminology.
In medical terminology, "itis" is a suffix that indicates inflammation.
Compare Positive & Negative feedback loops.
Negative feedback loops correct a change, while positive feedback loops amplify the change.
What are the four main types of macromolecules?
How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?
Enzymes affect chemical reactions by acting as biological catalysts, significantly increasing reaction rates by lowering the required activation energy
What role does the cardiovascular (circulatory) system play in homeostasis?
The circulatory system maintains homeostasis by acting as the body's internal transportation network, delivering essential substances like oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products such as carbon dioxide. It also distributes hormones and other signaling molecules, helps regulate body temperature by adjusting blood flow to the skin, and supports the immune system by transporting white blood cells and antibodies throughout the body.
How does "proximal" differ from "distal"?
Proximal means closer the trunk or point of origin or a limb or appendage, Distal means farther away from the trunk or point of origin.
How does temperature regulation function in homeostasis?
Temperature regulation functions in homeostasis by using receptors in the body as a biological thermostat to detect temperature changes and trigger responses through effectors to maintain a stable internal environment.
What is the basic building block of proteins?
Amino Acids
How do inhibitors affect enzyme function?
Enzyme inhibitors reduce an enzyme's ability by preventing substrate bonding or altering its shape, slowing or stopping the chemical reaction.
Describe the function of the nervous system.
The nervous system functions as the body's "command center," responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information to control thought, movement, and bodily functions.
Which plane cuts the body into front & back? (2 names)
Frontal/ Coronal Plane
What are the 3 homeostatic mechanisms?
Receptors, Effectors, Set Point
What is one function of the Inorganic Molecule, water?
Acceptable answers include:
- Dissolving/ moving substances around body
- Main ingredient of blood, body fluids and cells
- Metabolic reactions take place here
- Absorbs and transports heat
What are the 4 signs a chemical reaction has taken place?
1. Gas forms (bubbles)
2. Precipitate (solid)
3. Color change
4. Temperature change
How do the digestive and cardiovascular (circulatory) systems work together to maintain homeostasis?
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, which are then absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream. The circulatory system then acts as a delivery service, using its network of blood vessels and the heart to transport these vital nutrients to all the cells and tissues in the body, providing them with the energy, growth, and repair they need to function
Define "medial."
Toward the middle or center (midline) of the body.
How does the body respond to childbirth in terms of feedback loops?
During childbirth, a POSITIVE feedback loop intensifies the process until the baby is born.
What is the technical term for electrolytes?
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Temperature increases enzyme activity by increasing molecular movement, leading to more frequent collisions between enzymes and substrates.