Case Connections
These two cases ruled that prayer in school settings violated the Establishment Clause.
What are Engel v. Vitale and Lee v. Weisman
This clause was central to Engel v. Vitale.
What is the Establishment Clause?
The Court sided with Tinker because the protest didn’t cause this.
What is a substantial disruption
A student peacefully protests a new school policy with a T-shirt. Is this protected?
What is yes, if it doesn’t cause disruption?
This test is used by the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Establishment Clause.
What is the Lemon Test?
These two cases ruled in favor of students' First Amendment rights in schools.
What are Tinker v. Des Moines and Wisconsin v. Yoder
This clause was central to Wisconsin v. Yoder.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
Hazelwood was different from Tinker because the speech was considered part of this.
What is a school-sponsored activity?
A student makes fun of a teacher on social media off campus. Could they be punished?
What is maybe, depending on if it disrupts school?
The Lemon Test has three parts: purpose, effect, and this.
What is “excessive government entanglement with religion”?
These two cases are examples of schools or officials trying to promote religious expression, but the Court said no.
What are Santa Fe ISD v. Doe and County of Allegheny v. ACLU?
This case led the Court to conclude that even non-denominational prayer in school was a violation of this clause.
What is the Establishment Clause (Abington v. Schempp)?
The ruling in Texas v. Johnson stated that offense alone isn't a reason to restrict speech—this principle was key.
What is viewpoint neutrality or content neutrality?
A student publishes an editorial about school leadership in a school newspaper. Principal removes it. Legal?
What is yes, if the newspaper is school-sponsored (Hazelwood)?
This 1971 case established the Lemon Test.
What is Lemon v. Kurtzman?
One case allowed student symbolic speech; the other limited speech promoting illegal activity. Name both.
What are Tinker v. Des Moines and Morse v. Frederick?
The school violated this clause by promoting student-led football game prayers.
What is the Establishment Clause?
The Court ruled against prayer at graduation because students might feel this kind of pressure.
What is coercion or social pressure?
A school includes a prayer in the graduation program. Does this violate the Constitution?
What is yes?
The 14th Amendment protects individuals from being deprived of life, liberty, or property without this.
What is due process?
These two cases involved public schools restricting religious practices or beliefs.
What are Abington v. Schempp and Santa Fe ISD v. Doe?
This case involved both clauses but ruled primarily on Free Exercise.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
In Morse v. Frederick, the Court emphasized that schools can regulate speech that promotes this.
What is illegal drug use?
A student hands out religious flyers during lunch. Can the school stop them?
What is no, unless it's disruptive or violates time/place rules?
This amendment, besides the First, is often used to apply religious rights to the states.
What is the 14th Amendment?