Antibiotics + antivirals
What is topical clindamycin used for?
for plus 100 pts: what's its MOA?
1st line topical antibiotic for acne combined with benzoyl peroxide
MOA: inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
What's the MOA of the 'azoles'?
inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by blocking 14alpha-demethylase compromising integrity of fungal cell membrane --> death
Name a drug used for atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, and psoriasis
Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus
What is a 1st line topical agent for scabies and pediculosis?
For extra 100 pts: what's its MOA?
Permethrin
MOA: binds to voltage-gated sodium channels, causing prolonged depolarization, paralysis and death of parasites
Describe the MOA of retinoids.
vit A derivatives that promote keratinocyte turnover, prevent comedone formation and reduce inflammation
Name metronidazole's MOA and use
for extra 50 pts: what shouldn't you use with this?
generates free radicals that disrupt bacterial DNA and anti-inflammatory
- rosacea
- avoid alcohol
This drug is used to treat cutaneous candidiasis but is ineffective against dermatophytes.
for an extra 100 pts: what's its MOA?
Nystatin
- bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane leading to pore formation, membrane disruption, leakage of cellular contents and ultimately fungal cell death
What's the MOA of Tacrolimus and Pimecrolimus?
inhibits calcineurin, preventing T-cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from mast cells after antigen-IgE stimulation
what topical agent is used for head lice?
Ivermectin
Name 3 vit A derivatives (not synthetic) used for acne and to reduce post-inflammatory inflammation
tretinoin
adapalene
tazarotene
What topical agent/s can be used for impetigo?
Mupirocin
ozenoxacin (resistant)
This agent is an allylamine antifungal that inhibits squalene epoxidase.
for extra 50 pts: what's a serious ADR?
Terbinafine
hepatotoxicity
This drug's indications include: actinic keratosis, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and condyloma acuminatum
Imiquimod
What's the MOA of Ivermectin?
binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels, leading to parasite paralysis and death
Name an oral synthetic retinoid used for severe acne. What are 5 ADRs?
Isotretinoin
ADRs - highly teratogenic
what's the MOA of acyclovir and penciclovir?
nucleoside analogs activated by viral thymidine kinase inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, causing chain termination and blocking replication
Name 2 agents used for seborrheic dermatitis
Ketoconazole
Ciclopirox olamine
What is the MOA of imiquimod?
activates TLR7, triggering INF-a, TNF-a, and cytokine release to enhance immune defense against viruses and neoplastic cells
Name an agent used for hyperpigmentation disorders (like melasma, age spots, or freckles).
How does this drug reduce melanin synthesis?
Hydroquinone- blocks tyrosinase
What's the MOA of benzoyl peroxide?
oxidizing agent releases free radicals that kill cutibacterium acnes within sebaceous follicles and reduces inflammation
what oral "-cyclovir" was on our list and what is it a 1st line treatment for?
valacyclovir
preferred 1st line treatment for HSV and VZV infections
what's a dermatophyte?
is tinea versicolor a dermatophyte?
Dermatophyte: branching septate hyphae visible on KOH prep w/ blue fungal stain; eg. tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea unguium
No, tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia spp, a yeastlike fungus
Name 2 oral/systemic drugs used for severe or refractory atopic dermatitis
Dupilumab: IL-4R-alpha blocker, inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling
JAK inhibitors: abrocitinib, upadacitinib, ruxolitinib
what type of sunscreen is better for people with sensitive skin?
What is one of the safest and most effective sunscreen options?
Physical (Mineral)
Zinc oxide
This topical inhibits the growth of C acnes, normalizes keratinization and reduces melanin production.
azelaic acid