Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
These are cells that do not contain a nucleus.
Prokaryotes
This biomolecule is the main source of quick energy for the body.
Carbohydrates
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is called ____.
Osmosis
Enzymes are a type of this biomolecule.
Protein
Viruses are not considered living because they cannot do this on their own.
Replicate.
These organisms have membrane-bound organelles and include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Eukaryotes.
Which biomolecule is made up of amino acids?
Proteins
This type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP.
Active Transport
The specific place on an enzyme where a substrate binds is called the ____.
Active Transport
The protein coat that surrounds the viral DNA or RNA is called a ____.
Capsid
What structure is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is responsible for making proteins?
Ribosomes
Which biomolecule stores the most energy per gram and makes up cell membranes?
Lipids
Molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration without energy is called ____.
Passive Transport
How does temperature generally affect enzyme activity?
If the enzyme is not in the correct temperature range it will denature.
The flu virus and HIV contain this type of genetic material instead of DNA.
RNA
What is the main difference between DNA in prokaryotes and DNA in eukaryotes?
DNA in Prokaryotes is circular and free floating in the cytoplasm.
DNA in Eukaryotes is organized in chromosomes in the nucleolus.
DNA and RNA are examples of this type of biomolecule.
Nucleic Acid
What type of transport moves large molecules into the cell using vesicles?
Endocytosis
What term describes when an enzyme loses its shape and no longer works?
Denature
How are viruses different from prokaryotic cells in terms of structure and reproduction?
Viruses are not made of cells, lack organelles, and cannot reproduce on their own—they must infect a host cell. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, are living, have cellular structures like ribosomes and cytoplasm, and can reproduce independently (usually by binary fission).
Which organelle is believed to have originated from a prokaryotic cell through the process of endosymbiosis?
Mitochondria
Which biomolecule includes enzymes and what unique shape feature makes them function properly?
Protein
What would happen to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
It would shrink.
Why are enzymes considered “catalysts” in biological reactions?
They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
Describe how viruses replicate.
Viruses replicate by attaching to a host cell, injecting their genetic material (DNA or RNA), and using the host cell’s resources to make viral proteins and copies of the viral genome. These parts are then assembled into new viruses, which leave the host cell by lysis (bursting) or budding, ready to infect other cells.