Declarations
What is oral interpretation of a declaration?
The real-time (simultaneous/consecutive) rendering of an official statement (political, diplomatic, corporate) while preserving style and accuracy.
What are the main types of public speeches
- Informative (educates the audience on a topic)
- Persuasive (aims to convince or influence)
- Ceremonial (for special occasions, like weddings or awards)
- Demonstrative (shows how to do something)
- Impromptu (delivered without preparation)
What is a monologue in translation?
A speech delivered by one person, requiring translation that preserves both content and emotion.
What is audiovisual translation (AVT)
Translation of content that has both visual and auditory components, like films, series, and shows.
What stylistic features of manifestos can be difficult to translate?
Emotive language, rhetorical devices, slogans, and wordplay.
Name two primary modes of interpretation used for declarations.
Simultaneous (real-time) and consecutive (with pauses).
How does rhythm and intonation in speeches affect translation?
- They convey emotion and emphasis, which may not directly translate.
- Pauses and tone shifts can change meaning.
- Some languages have different speech patterns, making natural-sounding translations challenging.
Why is understanding the speaker's intention crucial?
It ensures accurate emotional and contextual transfer into the target language.
What are the time and character limits in subtitling
Usually around 2 lines, 35–42 characters per line, shown for 1–6 seconds.
Why are manifestos considered a special type of text in translation?
Because they often express strong opinions, use persuasive language, and reflect specific cultural or ideological positions.
Why is preparation crucial before interpreting a declaration?
To research terminology, context, and avoid errors in key formulations.
What is an "extemporaneous speech", and how is it different from other types?
- Prepared in advance but delivered in a conversational style (not memorized).
- Different from impromptu (no prep) and manuscript (fully scripted) speeches.
What are the two main types of monologues?
Internal (reflective) and external (addressed to others).
How does slang affect movie translation?
It must be adapted to preserve attitude and authenticity, not just literal meaning.
What is one main challenge when translating political or artistic manifestos?
Preserving the tone, intention, and rhetorical impact while adapting to cultural differences.
How should an interpreter handle a political declaration’s tone?
Maintain neutrality, avoid personal bias, and convey the original intent precisely.
What strategies can help preserve the speaker’s original intent when translating a speech?
- Focus on the core message, not just words.
- Adapt culturally specific references.
- Maintain tone (formal, motivational, etc.).
Name one key challenge when translating a dramatic monologue.
Preserving the character’s voice and emotional depth.
What is segmentation in subtitling?
Dividing dialogue into readable chunks without disrupting meaning.
Why can translating a manifesto be more difficult than translating a neutral text?
Because manifestos are often emotionally charged, ideologically loaded, and use persuasive or poetic language that’s hard to translate directly.
What are "false friends" in declaration interpreting?
Words that sound similar across languages but differ in meaning (e.g., "aggressive" may imply "assertive" in politics).
How can a translator adapt metaphors and idioms for a different culture?
- Replace them with culturally equivalent phrases.
- Explain the meaning if no direct equivalent exists.
- Avoid literal translations that may confuse the audience.
How should a translator handle dialects in monologues?
Use an equivalent sociolect or creative solutions to reflect class or background.
How does censorship affect film translation?
Certain content (political, sexual, religious) may be removed or reworded depending on region.
Name one famous translation manifesto.
Lawrence Venuti