Byzantine Empire
This city was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and a major center of trade between Europe and Asia.
What is Constantinople?
This system organized medieval society into kings, nobles, knights, and peasants.
What is feudalism?
This deadly disease spread across Europe in the 1300s and killed millions of people.
What is the Black Death?
This German monk is credited with starting the Protestant Reformation.
Who is Martin Luther?
This English king had six wives and broke away from the Catholic Church.
Who is Henry VIII?
This powerful weapon was used by Byzantine ships and could burn even on water.
What is Greek fire?
These large agricultural estates were mostly self-sufficient and were worked by peasants.
What are manors?
This animal helped carry infected fleas from place to place during the spread of the plague.
What are rats?
In 1517, Luther posted these on a church door in Wittenberg to challenge Church practices.
What are the 95 Theses?
Henry VIII created this new church after the Pope refused to annul his marriage.
What is the Church of England (Anglican Church)?
This Byzantine emperor created a famous set of laws that organized Roman law into one code.
Who was Justinian I?
These armored warriors served lords in exchange for land or protection.
What are knights?
This was one major reason the plague spread so quickly in medieval cities.
What is poor sanitation (or crowded, dirty cities)?
This invention helped spread Luther’s ideas quickly across Europe.
What is the printing press?
Henry VIII married this woman first, who was the mother of his daughter Mary.
Who is Catherine of Aragon?
This influential empress, wife of Justinian, helped shape laws and supported women's rights and social programs.
Who was Theodora?
This document, signed in 1215, limited the power of the English king.
What is the Magna Carta?
This practice was used in medieval port cities, where ships and people were forced to wait before entering to prevent disease spread.
What is quarantine?
Luther believed that people could reach salvation through this alone, not through Church actions or payments.
What is faith?
This wife was executed after being accused of treason and was the mother of Elizabeth I.
Who is Anne Boleyn?
This famous church in Constantinople was built by Justinian and is known for its massive dome and beautiful design.
What is Hagia Sophia?
These religious wars were fought between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land.
What are the Crusades?
The scientific name of the Bubonic Plague?
What is Yersinia pestis?
This was one major practice Luther criticized, where people paid money to reduce punishment for sins.
What are indulgences?
This break from the Roman Catholic Church in England is known as this major historical movement led by Henry VIII.
What is the English Reformation?