1987
The government demolishes a privately owned building to widen a national highway and pays the owner its fair market value.
What governmental power is being exercised?
Eminent Domain
Protection and promotion of the rights and welfare of children
Convention on the Rights of the Child.
The principal judicial organ of the United Nations settles disputes between states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions.
the International Court of Justice
What independent constitutional office investigates human rights violations involving civil and political rights in the Philippines?
Philippine Commission on Human Rights (CHR).
What is RA9710
Magna Carta of Women
Maria was acquitted of theft by a competent court. The prosecutor later files another case against her for the exact same theft based on the same facts.
Which constitutional protection prevents the second prosecution?
The Right Against Double Jeopardy (Section 21).
Protection of the rights and inclusion of persons with disabilities
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Captured military chaplains and medical personnel fall under this status according to the Geneva Conventions.
Prisoners of war
The primary government agency in the Philippines responsible for formulating and implementing policies, plans, and programs to promote and protect the rights and well-being of Indigenous Cultural Communities and Indigenous Peoples
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP)
What is the right of prisoners to be treated with dignity and without torture, cruel, or degrading punishment?
The right to humane treatment.
Congress passes a new law increasing the penalty for cyber fraud. The law is then applied to individuals who committed cyber fraud two years before the law was enacted.
What constitutional prohibition has been violated?
Ex Post Facto Laws (Section 22).
Protection of civil and political rights and fundamental freedoms
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
A captured soldier may only be required to provide these four pieces of personal information under the Geneva Convention.
name, rank, age, and service number
Protects the holistic cultural heritage of indigenous communities. This includes the preservation of their history, language, traditions, spiritual beliefs, and archaeological sites, while preventing the unauthorized commercial exploitation of their cultural knowledge.
Right to Cultural Integrity
What law is enacted to protect women and their children against violence?
RA 9262
A person is charged with an offense punishable by reclusion perpetua, and the evidence of guilt is strong. He applies for bail.
Should the court grant his application?
No. Bail is generally not available to persons charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when the evidence of guilt is strong.
Prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
This neutral humanitarian organization monitors compliance with the Geneva Conventions, visits prisoners of war, and provides medical assistance during armed conflicts.
the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
Indigenous cultural communities and peoples have the absolute right to practice and revitalize their own unique cultural traditions and customs
Community Intellectual Rights
Prisoners awaiting trial must be separated from what group of prisoners?
Convicted prisoners.
Police officers receive an anonymous tip that stolen firearms are inside a warehouse. Without obtaining a search warrant or observing any crime, they forcibly enter the warehouse and seize the firearms.
The prosecution presents the seized firearms as evidence in court.
Based on the Bill of Rights, should the evidence be admitted?
No. The search violated Section 2 because it was conducted without a valid warrant or any recognized exception. Under Section 3(2), the firearms are inadmissible as evidence because they are considered the "fruit of the poisonous tree."
Elimination of discrimination against women and promotion of gender equality
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
A foreign national commits a war crime against a Filipino citizen outside the Philippines and is later arrested in Manila. Under Republic Act No. 9851, Philippine courts may try the accused because of this legal principle under Section 17.
Jurisdiction under Republic Act No. 9851
The CHR has the power to visit jails, prisons, and detention facilities. What type of authority allows them to perform this function?
Visitorial powers.
What right allows prisoners to communicate with their families and maintain relationships while detained?
The right to communicate with families and maintain familial relationships.