Show:
Cognition
Language
Problem-Solving
Intelligence
Learning
100
What is Cognition?
Thinking- associated with perception, knowledge, problem-solving, judgment, language, and memory.
100
What is language?
A communication system using words and systematic rules to transmit information from one person to another.
100
What is a heuristic? Give an example.
A general problem-solving strategy; a "rule of thumb." 
100
How would your group define intelligence?
What did you say?
100
A type of learning where the stimulus comes immediately before the response.
Classical conditioning.
200
What is cognitive psychology?
The field dedicated to how people think, how and why we think certain ways, problem-solving, intelligence, creativity, language, and the organization of information. 
200
What is a lexicon and what is grammar?
Lexicon: words of a language


Grammar: rules used to convey meaning using the lexicon. E.g. "-ed" at the end of a word indicating past tense.

200
Give an example of solving a problem using trial and error.
Flipping light switches until I find the correct combination!
200
What is the Flynn effect?
Subsequent generations scoring higher on IQ tests than previous generations.
200
A type of learning where the consequence of the behavior reinforces or punishes soon after the response.
Operant condition. 
300
What are 5 things that a cognitive psychologist might study?
Thinking, problem-solving, emotion, creativity, language, intelligence, cognitive processes, organization of information
300
What is overgeneralization? Give 2 examples.

The process of extending the application of a rule to items that are excluded from it in the language norm, as when a child uses the regular past tense verb ending -ed of forms to produce words like "runned." 

300
What are hindsight bias and representative bias?
Hindsight: mistakenly believing an event was predictable.


Representative: unintentionally stereotyping based on a role schema. 

300
According to Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, how many intelligences are there? Name them.
8 intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, body-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic. 
300
Thorndike's idea that the consequences of a behavior will determine if the behavior is more or less likely to occur is called _________. 
The law of effect.
400
What is the difference between a natural concept and an artificial concept?
Natural concepts: created "naturally" through your experiences, direct or indirect. E.g. snow. 


Artificial: artificial constructs or ideas. E.g. geometric shapes or math formulas. 

400
What do Skinner and Chomsky have to say about language acquisition?
Skinner: learned by reinforcement. 


Chomsky: biologically determined, critical periods.

400
MacGyver solved many problems by using whatever items he had at his disposal. He did not have a problem with _________ when solving problems.
Functional fixedness.
400
What is convergent thinking? What is divergent thinking?
Convergent: One correct, well-established solution. 


Divergent: "Thinking outside the box;" unique or multiple solutions to a problem.

400
What are three types of "models" mentioned in our book when talking about observational learning? 
Live model, symbolic model, verbal model. 
500
Define "role schema" and give an example. 
An assumption about how someone in a certain role will behave. 
500
What did Sapir and Whorf propose about the relationship between language and thought?
Language influences thinking. 
500
What is an anchoring bias? Give an example.
Anchoring bias: a focus on one piece of information when making a decision. 
500
Give an example of how "nature" and "nurture" affect intelligence.
Biology and environment.
500
What are the steps of observational learning?
1. Attention

2. Retention

3. Reproduction

4. Motivation