Divorce and Separation on Children

Mental Health

100

A rate that is higher in adolescent boys' minds in junior high with divorced parents, whereas girls have a higher attempt rate.

What is Suicide? 

Thoughts of suicide is more prevalent in junior high boys with separated mothers. Girls living with the father of a divorce are more likely to attempt suicide than when living with their mother of divorce. This affects the interpersonal aspect on the Social Ecological Model due to family. 

_{Cohen, G.J., & Weitzman, C.C. (2016). Helping} 

_{Children and Families Deal With Divorce and} 

_{Separation. American Academy of Pediatrics C}

_{linical Report 138(6), p. 1-11.}

_{Haimi, M. & Lerner, A. (2016). The Impact of Parental}

_{Separation and Divorce on the Health Status of Children,}

_{and the Ways to Improve It. Journal of Clinical & Medical}

_{Genomics. Retrieved from https://www.omicsonline.org}

_{/open-access/the-impact-of-parental-separation-and-}

_{divorce-on-the-health-status-ofchildren-and-the-ways-to-}

_{improve-it-2332-0672-1000137.php?aid=67622}

200

When a child of divorced parents visits both parents of custody.

What is joint custody?

Studies show that children deprived of joint custody with parents can result in decreases in father-child relationships, decreased adaptation to situations and in behavior, self-esteem and family relationships. Policies can be put into place where a child can visit both parents if both are adequate. This affects the interpersonal aspect on the Social Ecological Model due to family and the policy aspect due to implementing laws.

_{Haimi, M. & Lerner, A. (2016). The Impact of Parental}

_{Separation and Divorce on the Health Status of Children,}

_{and the Ways to Improve It. Journal of Clinical & Medical}

_{Genomics. Retrieved from https://www.omicsonline.org}

_{/open-access/the-impact-of-parental-separation-and-}

_{divorce-on-the-health-status-ofchildren-and-the-ways-to-}

_{improve-it-2332-0672-1000137.php?aid=67622}

300

A child going through divorce is an example of a(n) ____, increasing the likelihood of mental health problems, behavioral problems, academic performance problems, or substance abuse problems.

What is Adverse Childhood Experience? 

ACEs are factors and characteristics that a child goes through during early stages in life that affects their development later. 67% of people had at least one ACE, and 12.6% had at least 4 ACEs. This affects the interpersonal aspect on the Social Ecological Model due to family.

_{Burke Harris, N. (2014). How Childhood Trauma} 

_{Affects Health Across a Lifetime. TED Talk. Video.} 

_{Retrieved from} 

_{https://www.ted.com/talks/nadine_burke_harris_how}

_{_childhood_trauma_affects_health_across_a_lifetime}

_{/up-next#t-243214.}

400

Reasons as to why divorce may be good for a family.

What are conflict dissipation, destructive parental habits, unhappy parents and lifestyle, violent/abusive/angry marriage, and unhappy marriage? (Any one will receive points)

Depending on the relationship of the family, sometimes a divorce is good to lessen conflict between parents and to dissipate negativity. Children in this situation can find a relief and develop better mentally, however this is only case by case and is not reflecting every child's views. This affects the interpersonal aspect on the Social Ecological Model due to family.

_{Sember, B. (2017). Why a Divorce is Better Than a Bad} 

_{Marriage for Kids. Huffington Post. Retrieved from} 

_{https://www.huffingtonpost.com/brette-sember/why-a-}

_{good-divorce-is-better-than-a-bad-marriage-for-}

_{kids_b_6925236.html.}

Child Custody

100

The most common form of custody

What is sole custody in favor of the mother?

80% of custody cases end in custody being given to the mother because the mother is considered to be the healthiest choice and to be more nurturing than the father.

^{Rosenblum, G. (2017, September 3). New research supports shared custody for children in divorce. Retrieved June 2, 2018, from http://www.startribune.com/rosenblum-new-research-supports-shared-custody-for-children-in-divorce/442255323/}

200

Form of custody that cause the least harm to children

What is joint custody?

When both parents are heavily involved in the child's life after the divorce the children are less likely to display adverse health symptoms than those in sole custody  

^{Warshak, R. A. (2017, May 26). After divorce, shared parenting is best for children's health, development. Retrieved June 2, 2018, from https://www.statnews.com/2017/05/26/divorce-shared-parenting-children-health/}

300

It is recommended that children spend -- amount of their time with both parents 

what is 35 percent?

When a child only sees a parent on the weekends or during visits the parent's roll becomes more of a aunt or uncle and lacks the deep connection a child should have with their parents.  

^{Warshak, R. A. (2017, May 26). After divorce, shared parenting is best for children's health, development. Retrieved June 2, 2018, from https://www.statnews.com/2017/05/26/divorce-shared-parenting-children-health/}

400

The standard used to determine custody in court

what is the Best Interest Standard?

the judge looks at the parenting ability of both parents, their relationship with the child, what they feed them, and take into account which parent will cause the least amount of disturbance in the child's life

^{Wolf, J. (2018, April 5). What Do the Courts Mean When They Talk About Kids' Best Interests? Retrieved June 2, 2018, from https://www.verywellfamily.com/best-interests-of-the-child-  standard-overview-2997765}

School Performance

100

Teenagers who experience parental divorce tend to score _____ on math, science, and history tests as compared to teenagers whose parents are married. 

What is lower?

“Teenagers who experience parental divorce score lower than their counterparts from intact families on math, science, and history tests”

https://goo.gl/images/o8p2sc

^{Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano and Daniela Vuri, “Parental} 

^{Divorce and Students' Performance: Evidence from} 

^{Longitudinal Data,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and}

 ^{Statistics 69, no. 3 (2007): 327.}

200

The children of this type of single-parent family do better in school (children of a single mother or a single father?)

“Children from single-father families do no better in school than children from single-mother families”

Both children from single-father and single-mother families do less well in school than children from two-parent families

Single-mothers provide greater levels of interpersonal parental resources and more emotional support

Single-fathers provide greater levels of economic parental resources

^{Downey, D. B. (1994). The school performance of children from} 

^{single-mother and single-father families: Economic or interpersonal} 

^{deprivation?. Journal of family issues, 15(1), 129-147.}

300

Children in grades ___ to ___ are most likely to have lower grades as a consequence of parental divorce as compared to any other age group.

Those who had experienced a late divorce (between grades six and ten) were more likely to get low grades than children who experienced an early divorce (between kindergarten and grade five)

https://goo.gl/images/D6wPuy

^{Jennifer E. Lansford, “Trajectories of Internalizing,} 

^{Externalizing, and Grades for Children Who Have and} 

^{Have Not Experienced their Parents' Divorce or} 

^{Separation,” Journal of Family Psychology 20, no. 2} 

^{(2006): 296.}

400

“According to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 91 percent of individuals who grew up with married biological parents received a high school degree” (Fagan, 1997). ____% of individuals who were raised in a single-parent family received a high school degree. (Closest Number gets points)

63%

https://goo.gl/images/5ZFfMa

^{Patrick F. Fagan and Scott Talkington, “'Ever Received a} 

^{High School Degree' by Structure of Family of Origin and} 

^{by Current Religious Attendance,” Mapping America} 

^{Project. http://marri.us/wp-content/uploads/MA-99.pdf}

Peer Relationships

100

Adolescents of divorced families are less likely to view this as a certain relationship stepping stone in their lives. 

What is marriage?

Seeing a broken marriage may turn off adolescents from marriage itself.

^{Giuliani, C., Iafrate, R., & Rosnati, R. (n.d.). Peer-}

^{Group and Romantic Relationships in Adolescents} 

^{from Intact and Separated Families. Retrieved from} 

^{https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:10250448}

⁰²⁵²⁰

200

This behavior actually decreases in a child if there is a greater family dysfunction prior to a divorce. 

 What is anti-social behavior?

Seeing the dissolution of marriage in a highly dysfunctional family allows for a child's anti-social behavior to decrease.

 

^{Effects of Divorce on Children's Social Skills. (n.d.).} 

^{Retrieved from http://marripedia.org/effects.of}

^{.divorce.on.children.s.social.skills}

300

From a study in 1985, this type of these children have more confidence and may acquire a peer relationship with their custodial parent after a divorce.

What are adolescent girls?

This is due to a rise in maturity because of the new status and responsibility in the household. However, in 2007, research has stated this may not reflect contemporary views.

400

This type of outlook on life occurs in children who experience maternal rejection during divorce. 

What is a pessimistic outlook?

The rejection sensitivity model argues that when early experiences with parents are primarily negative, children will have a greater tendency to expect interactions with others to be negative 

^{Mcgregor, L., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Creed, P. (2012).} 

^{Family Structure, Interparental Conflict and Parenting as Correlates} 

^{of Childrens Relationship Expectations. Journal of Relationships} 

^{Research, 3, 44-56. doi:10.1017/jrr.2012.6}

                                   

Resources

100

Types of resources are there to help a child of divorced parents. (Extra 100 Points if you can name one of the specific resources available in Portland)

What are:

• Court-connected divorce education programs for parents and children. 

• School programs for children. 

• Family therapy.

• Counselor

• Supportive relationships

• http://www.courts.oregon.gov/programs/family/children/Pages/parent-education.aspx

• https://www.kidsfirstcenter.org/

^{Pedro-Carroll, J. L. (2005). FOSTERING RESILIENCE}

 ^{IN THE AFTERMATH OF DIVORCE: The Role of} 

^{Evidence-Based Programs for Children. Family Cour}

^{t Review, 43(1), 52-64. doi:10.1111/j.1744-}

^{1617.2005.00007.x}

200

The parent of a low-income couple divorce with lower financial mobility.

What is the mother?

Sociology experts argue that the mother is more likely to have less financial mobility, along with facing economic struggles compared to the father. This makes it more likely that divorced children from low-income families will fall below the poverty line and have less access to resources to alleviate the stress of the divorce on the child

This is because there becomes a financial split between the parents and often times, more responsibility is put on the mother to care for the child while also suffering more financially. Not only can this prevent the child from receiving mental support, it can also increase the stress of the child if they’re suffering financially.

^{Cohen, G. J., & Weitzman, C. C. (2016, December} 

^{01). Helping Children and Families Deal With Divorce} 

^{and Separation. Retrieved May 29, 2018, from} 

^{http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/6/e}

^20163020

300

(True or False) When the parents of a religious family divorce the children are statistically less likely to remain religious?

True, Children are less likely to remain religious if a family separates. 

While many religious leaders argue that this is because the family wasn’t faithful enough to begin with it’s actually because family traditions are much more likely to fall apart when the parents split apart. This is because divorce can mean a major change in lifestyle and less time for family related activities. For the child, divorce can distance them from established communities which can often be a resource for mental health.

^{Uecker, J. E., & Ellison, C. G. (2012). Parental} 

^{Divorce, Parental Religious Characteristics, and} 

^{Religious Outcomes in Adulthood. Journal for the} 

^{Scientific Study of Religion, 51(4), 777–794.} 

^{http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01679.x}

400

(True or False) Physicians be a resource for children dealing with divorce? If so, in what ways can they help?

True

Scholars agree that physicians can assess the child’s mental health, and other possible adverse outcomes from divorce. They can also provide resources in regard to counseling or community programs along with assessing whether any form of abuse is being inflicted on the child.

^{Promoting mental health for children of separating} 

^{parents. (2000). Pediatrics & Child Health, 5(4),} 

^229–232.