Anesthesia Administration
This is a phase of general anesthesia where initiation of the IV is completed. Preoperative medications are given and the airway is secured.
What is induction?
This type of sedation causes loss of sensation to a body area without loss of consciousness. It blocks transmission along nerves.
What is local anesthesia?
Some patients experience nausea and vomiting with anesthesia administration. Pre-treating the patient with this medication can help to prevent nausea and vomiting upon the patient waking up from surgery.
What is ondansetron or zofran? What are antiemetics?
A pt should be assessed for this prior to any medication administration but especially prior to surgery. Special consideration should be taken in asking the patient about concerns with eggs, soybean oil, shellfish, banana and latex.
What is allergies?
When the patient arrives back to their room this verbal presentation should occur so the appropriate care can continue for the patient. It should include all events during surgery including procedure, complications, intraoperative care and intraoperative management.
What is PACU or verbal hand off?
This phase of general anesthesia administration occurs during the performance of surgery.
What is the maintenance phase?
This type of sedation cause loss of sedation, loss of consciousness, loss of responsiveness to stimulation and muscle relaxation. It is associated with a combination of hypnosis, analgesia, and amnesia.
What is general anesthesia?
This type of medication causes skeletal muscle relaxation for surgery to help with airway placement. It must be used in conjunction with anesthetic agents.
What is vecuronium or succinylcholine? Or what is neuromuscular blocking agents.
This should be performed on every patient who is going to surgery. It should include all systems and organs of the body. It should also include vital signs, oxygen saturations and emotional aspects in regards to upcoming surgery.
What is a head to toe assessment?
Sometimes after surgery the patient will go to this specialty care unit until they are awake and alert and able to be brought back to their room. Special attention is paid in this unit to ensure no complications are occuring immediately after surgery.
What is the PACU?
This occurs during the completion of surgery, assistive devices will be removed during this time and medications may be reversed.
What is emergence?
This type of sedation is the administration of medications to the point while the client relaxes enough that the surgeon can perform minor procedures without discomfort. The pt can respond to verbal stimuli, retain their protective reflexes and is able to maintain a patent airway.
What is moderate sedation?
This type of medication is used for pain control and helps with sedation and analgesia- it reduces stimuli from sensory nerve endings.
What is a opiod? Fentanyl, Sufentanil, Morphine
These are tests that are performed prior to surgery. They may include urinalysis, blood type and crossmatch, CBC, pregnancy test, electrolyte levels and chest xray.
What is pre-operative diagnostic procedures prior to surgery?
This type of surgery allows the patient to go home after the procedure unless there are complications. In order to be sent home they must demonstrate the ability to breathe and swallow, safely ambulate to the restroom, and perform ADL's independently.
What is outpatient surgery?
This is a acute life threatening complication that can occur with anesthesia administration and includes a hypermetabolic state and extreme temperatures can occur as well as increased CO2 levels, decreased oxyygen levels, tachycardia and if not treated properly death.
What is malignant hyperthermia?
This includes the injection into or around specific nerves to maintain local anesthesia. Catergories included in this sedation include spinal, epidural, and field blocks.
What is a regional nerve block? What is regional anesthesia?
The most common type of medication used for anesthesia. It is a non barbiturate hypnotic and is used in general anesthesia
What is propofol? What is etomidate?
A patient has to refrain from liquids and sold foods in order to prevent aspiration during surgery. The time that the patient ate and drank last should be documented in the chart.
What is NPO?
After surgery a physician may order diagnostic procedures to ensure the patient is maintaining homeostasis. This lab ensures that the patient is not actively losing blood and becoming anemic.
What is an H&H?
This is an acute, severe allergic reaction which can cause hypotension, hives, tachycardia, bronchospasm, and pulmonary edema. If not recognized death can occur quickly
What is anaphylaxis?
This type of sedation is one level higher than moderate sedation. The patient is less responsive and may require airway management. It does not involve inhalation agents. It is often used in conjunction with regional or local anesthesia.
What is monitored anesthesia care?
This type of medication includes halothane, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide in combination with oxygen.
What is inhalation anesthetics.
A physician should come in to discuss the procedure, including the risks, benefits of the procedure. The nurse may sign as a witness but it is the physicians responsibility to speak with the patient and family members prior to the start of any procedure.
What is informed consent?
Early ambulation is essential after surgery to prevent this complication. If the pt is not able to ambulate pneumatic compression hose should be used as well as stockings.
What is a thromboembolism?