Cardiac Physiology
The pacemaker of the heart
What is the SA node?
Biventriclular pacing
What is cardiac resyncronization therapy?
0.7-1.0m/s
What is the avergae flow of LVOT doppler?
This is an indirect measurement of the LAP
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Acute rise in pulmonary pressure causing the RV wall to become akinetic and the RV apex to become hyperkinetic?
What is the McConnell's sign?
The heart rate is >150 with at least 3 PVC's in a row
What is Ventricular tachycardia?
Has better temporal resolution than 2D imaging?
What is mmode?
Increase venous return to the right atrium
What is inspiration?
Mild to moderate decrease in LV compliance and mild-moderate increase in filling pressures
What is Stage II diastolic dysfunction?
Decreases venous return, reduces left atrial volume, and provokes MVP
What is supine to standing?
Atrial contraction that interrupts normal sinus rhythm
What is PAC?
The length of the box on mmode indicates .....
This ratio increases with age
What is S/D ratio?
>2.1cm
What is a dilated IVC?
Decreases flow to the left side of the heart
What is expiration?
IVS demonstrates paradoxical motion or flattening durig systole
What is a LBBB?
D-E-F on mmode
What is rapid filling?
Diameter measurement 1-2 cm from the RA
What is the IVC?
40-70mmHg
What is moderate PHTN?
Decrease in venous return, increase in heart rate, increased contractility, and decreased systolic blood pressure
What is valsalva maneuver?
Complete impairment of conduction between the atria and ventricles
What is a 3rd degree AV block?
Mmode to measire LV dilation
What is EPSS?
Contains cardiac pulsatility and repiratory variation
What is the hepatic veins?
>200 ms deceleration time with E/A <0.8
What is stage I diastolic dysfunction?
The release phase of valsalva maneuver using saline contrast is used in the evaluation of _____________.