Existential
_____ and ____ are the two most known fundamentalist of Existential theory
Viktor Frankl
Rollo May
_____ and ____ are the two most known fundamentalist of Gestalt theory
Fritz Perls
Laura Perls
“client knows best”
Carl Rogers- Person Centered Therapy
Big 3 of person centered therapy
Carl Rogers, Maslow and Arthur Combs.
____ _____ is an individual’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings, behaviors, convictions, and conclusions
Subjective Reality
Humans are in constant state of ________.
Transition
Gestalt therapy focuses on ____ _____. The goal is to help the individual become aware of entire self.
The relationship is a strong ___ of positive treatment outcome.
The ______ is an encounter, awareness & experiment
self-regulation.
predictor
blueprint
“We create ourselves rather than
merely being shaped by our
childhood experiences.”
Alfred Alder- Motivational Interviewing
Non-directed, client-centered, becoming the self and expansion is
the development of person-centered counseling
The stages of counseling
1. Relationship
2. Psychological Investigation
3. Interpretation
4. Reorientation
To fully examine the source and authority of their present value system as well as give new insights and restructuring is this phase of techniques
Middle phase
Five types of polarities
1. Physical:masculine-feminine, and parasympathetic-sympathetic nervous system
2. Emotional: pleasure-pain, love-hate, excitement-depression, love-hate
3. Mental: Parent-child, feeling-reason, top dog-underdog
4. Spiritual: intellectual doubt –dogmatism
5. Inter-Individual: man-woman, black-white, Christian-Jew
"The last of the human freedoms—to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one’s own way.”
Viktor Frankl- Existential Theory
building relationship, having empathy, reframing and rephrasing while active listening is an example of ___, ___ and ___.
unconditional positive regard, empathy and therapist being congruent.
Encouraged to develop self-esteem and confidence; Empathy not as important; Avoidance of pitfalls of excuses and emphasize assets of individual’s sense of belonging, security and adequacy are forms of
Reorientation.
List 3 out of the 6 basic premises for understanding human behavior.
Capacity for self-awareness increases self-awareness which increases fullness of life
•Freedom and responsibility
•Creating one’s identity and meaningful relationships
•Search for meaning purpose, values, and goals
•Anxiety is a condition of living
•Awareness of death and nonbeing
Gestalt Experiments dealt with five main topics. list 3.
Making the rounds—to practice confronting in group setting
The Reversal Technique—act out opposite of comfort zone
The Rehearsal Exercise—act out feelings and thoughts with therapist
Exaggeration Exercise—overemphasis to intensify feeling
Staying with the Feeling—to cease avoidance of unpleasant feelings
“Where we are striving to go is more
important than where we have come
from”
Alfred Alder- Motivational Interviewing
to achieve the goal of constructive personal relationships and giving the responsibility to the client must achieve the following goals. List 3 out of the 7.
Independence and integration
Assisting clients
Gaining openness
Trust
Internal source of evaluation
Willingness to grow
Clients follow own directions
List 3 of the 5 common mistakes made by clients
Over generalizing
False or impossible goals
Misperceptions of life and life’s demands
Denial of one’s basic worth
Faulty values
list 3 of the 5 limitations with Existential theory.
Philosophy towards counseling
Lacks techniques
Limitless in terms of termination of client
Therapy is a creative and evolving process
Self-exploration takes time and commitment of client
List 3 of the 6 limitations of Gestalt therapy
Not ideally billable for managed care
Experiments can easily become abusive
Long-term
Less effective than cognitive and bx therapies
Not suitable for severe mental illness and impaired insight or cognitive ability
Therapists must have balance
"with its emphasis on immediate awareness and involvement, offers a method for developing the necessary support for a self-continuing creative adjustment which is the only way of coping with the experience of dying and, therefore, of living."
Laura Perls- Gestalt therapy
List 3 of the 5 limitations
Lack of skills
Limited to techniques
Leads to clients rambling
Not giving clients new skills
Multicultural limitations
Internal vs. External locus of evaluation
Family vs. Individual
explain the three levels for listening
1. Present, obvious: (dissatisfaction with work)
2. Veiled: (desire for independence)
3. Preconscious: (self-doubt in ability to be independent