Logos, Ethos, Pathos
Ethos
The first three candies that I ate out of the bag were chocolates. It is likely that all of the candy in the bag is chocolate.
Is this inductive or deductive reasoning?
Inductive
I wore my purple sweater and my team won against all the odds. Therefore I am going to wear that sweater to every game because it is clear that's what helped my team win.
Post hoc ergo propeter hoc
Global climate change is caused by human activity.
What type of claim is this? Fact, Value, or Policy
Fact Claim
"If such actions were not illegal, then they would not be prohibited by the law."
What type of logic error does this statement represent?
Begging the Question
(also known as circular reasoning)
Logos
Imagine that you ate a dish of strawberries and soon afterward your lips swelled. Now imagine that a few weeks later you ate strawberries and soon afterwards your lips again became swollen. The following month, you ate yet another dish of strawberries, and you had the same reaction as formerly. You are aware that swollen lips can be a sign of an allergy to strawberries. Using ____________ reasoning you conclude that, more likely than not, you are allergic to strawberries.
Inductive
"If a government official doesn't take active measures against corruption, he supports it."
What kind of logic fallacy is this?
Either-Or Reasoning
Election day should be a mandatory holiday.
Is this a fact, value, or policy claim?
Policy claim
Tony wants us to believe that the origin of life was an “accident”. Tony is a godless bum who has spent more time in jail than in church, so the only information we should consider from him is the best way to make license plates.
Ad hominem
When you demonstrate to readers that you have their best interests at heart, you are using ____________.
Ethos
All raccoons are omnivores.
This animal is a raccoon.
This animal is an omnivore.
This is an example of _______ reasoning
Deductive
Buddy Burger has the greatest food in town. Buddy Burger was voted #1 by the local paper. Therefore, Phil, the owner of Buddy Burger, should run for president of the United States.
What kind of logic error does this example represent?
Non sequitor
College is a waste of time and money.
This is an example of what kind of claim?
Fact, Value, or Policy
Value
Kimberly N. had a senior position at a charitable organization when her son was born. She planned for a six-week maternity leave, but her son was born with a life-threatening condition, and she ended up taking 12 weeks with partial pay. Kimberly’s supervisor was unhappy that she took such a long leave and refused to let her work part-time or from home. After going back to work, Kimberly had a terrible performance evaluation that contrasted sharply with her previous positive evaluations. She soon left her job, which significantly impacted family finances. Savings quickly dwindled, debts grew, and Kimberly filed for bankruptcy. A few months later, she found a part-time job at a lower level with no benefits but was laid off when the recession hit. She worries that future employers will question her period of unemployment.
An Argument for Parental Leave in the United States, by Walsch , Janet.
Is this an example of logos, ethos, or pathos?
Pathos
All men or mortal.
Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
What type of reasoning is this?
Deductive
"We admit that this measure is popular. But we also urge you to note that there are so many bond issues on this ballot that the whole thing is getting ridiculous."
What kind of logic fallacy is this?
Red Herring
Iowa State University should not use standardized test scores in admissions decisions.
What kind of claim is this?
Policy claim
A claim (thesis) that argues that something out to be done or not done is called:
A policy claim