Atomic Theory Scientists
Which scientist come up with the Billiard Ball Model?
John Dalton
What is the charge of the proton?
positive
What is the charge of the electron?
negative
What is the periodic table?
An arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose structure shows periodic trends.
What’s a chemical symbol?
Symbols of what the element is, based on the name, one or two letters
Rutherford: I created the first model to show what again ?
The "planetary model": described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light, negative constituents, called electrons, circulate at some distance, much like planets revolving around the Sun.
What is found in the nucleus?
protons and neutrons
Where are the electrons found?
In the electron cloud, in specific energy levels surrounding the nucleus.
What is the atomic number and where is it found?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
Usually found in the top left of each element's box in the periodic table
Also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
What is the atomic mass and where is it found?
The mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units.
Usually found at the bottom of an element's box.
Consists of the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
Which scientist discovered the electron and proposed the Plum Pudding Model?
Thomson
What are the valence electrons and where can you find them?
What is the charge of a neutron?
neutral or zero
What are the groups of the periodic table and what do they tell you?
The groups are the vertical columns (up and down).
The number of the group tells you the number of valence electrons found in the elements of that group.
The size of the atoms increase as you go down a group.
What are the periods of the periodic table and what do they tell you?
The periods are the horizontal rows (left and right).
The number of the period tells you the number of orbitals (energy levels) found in the elements of that group.
The number increases as you go down the periodic table, which tells you the size of the atoms increase.
Who is the scientist that discovered the neutron?
Chadwick
What are the masses of the electron, neutron, and proton?
Electron = 0
Neutron = 1
Proton = 1
What is the Bohr model?
It’s a diagram where it consist a nucleus inside the circle surrounded by the electrons and electrons orbit to a specific energy state.
How do you find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of an element, given the periodic table?
Use the atomic number and atomic mass.
Which groups are the most reactive?
Groups 1(1A), the alkali metals, and Group 2 (2A), alkaline earth metals, think about the flame test demo.
What are the five parts of the atomic theory?
Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms.
Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass and other properties.
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created or destroyed.
Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds.
In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated or rearranged.
Electrons can move from one energy level to another by either?
Gaining or losing energy.
Draw the Bohr model for any element.
Be sure to include the electrons in their energy levels (1st level has 2, 2nd level has 8, 3rd level has 8....), and the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Which group is considered to be non-reactive?
Group 18 (8A), the noble gases.
How many valence electrons do the halogens have?
The halogens have 7 valence electrons, because they are group 17 (7A).
They readily bond with other atoms, even themselves sometimes (diatomic).