Erosion by Gravity
What are Striations?
Grooves that are shallower marked and indicate the direction a glacier has moved
Permeable?
Impermeable?
1 water can pass through
2. water can't pass through
Drainage Basin
the area of land from which a stream or river collects runoff
geyser
sinkhole
floodplain
a hot spring that erupts periodically shooting water and steam into the air
a depression on the surface of the ground that forms when the roof of a cave collapses or when material near the surface dissolves
a broad flat valley floor formed by a meandering stream
esker
hot springs
creep
another type of outwash deposit that is long winding ridge; forms from a melting glacier when meltwater forms a river withing the ice
groundwater that comes in contact with hot magma rocks is heated and comes to the surface as a hot spring
a type of mass movement-occurs when sediments slowly shift their positions downhill (leaning trees)
What's Gully Erosion?
What's Sheet Erosion?
What's Rill Erosion?
What's Erosion?
1. A rill channel becomes larger and broader. Can form from when water carries away large amounts of soil. 2. Occurs when water that is flowing as sheets picks up and carries away sediments 3. Begins when small stream forms during a heavy rain the stream has enough energy to carry away soil and the water moving down creates a channel 4. the process that wears away surface materials and moves them from one place to another
What's an artesian well?
a well in which water comes up by pressure no pump is needed
runoff
water that doesn't soak into the ground but runs off Earth's surface
delta
a triangular or fan shaped deposit; sediment that is deposited as water empties into an ocean or lake forms a delta
zone of saturation
alluvial fan
till
the area where all of the pores in the rock are filled with water
when the river waters empty from a mountain valley onto an open plain- the deposit from that is the fan
a mixture of different sized sediments (boulders, sand, clay, silt)
What's an Aquifer?
a layer of permeable rock that lets water move freely
What happens when it rains after a long drought and why?
dirt gets eroded away because during a drought plants die which kills roots which can't hold the soil in the ground anymore so it gets eroded away
spring
when water table gets close to Earth's surface the water flows out of it
groundwater
water that soaks into the ground collects in pores and empty spaces becomes groundwater
abrasion
when windblown sediment strikes rock the surface of the rock gets scraped and worn away by this process
-similar to sandblasting
What's the Water Table?
the upper surface of the zone of saturation
Long shore current?
when waves collide at the surface at slight angles; current of water that runs parallel to the shoreline
barrier island
sand deposits that lay parallel to the shore but are separated from the main land
sand
small shell+rock fragments broken up and washed by waves and tides also made of Olivine, salt, or coral
meander
a broad c-shaped curve in a river or stream formed by erosion of its outer bank
What determines the amount of runoff?
the steepness of the slope and the amount of rainfall
Stalagmite
Stalactite
forms from the drips of a cave
forms on the top of a cave and staves "tight"
cave
when cracks in limestone enlarge until an underground opening is formed
plucking
process that adds gravel, sand, and boulders to a glaciers bottom and sides as water freezes and thaws; breaking of pieces of surrounding rock
Jamaica white sand is made of what?
Hawaii black sand is made of what?
coal and shell fragments
basalt