Part 4A (Autism & ABA)
Define ASD:
- Autism is a developmental disability that results in challenges in communication and social interactions as well as restrictive interests and repetitive behavior. (spectrum disorder: meaning severity and symptoms vary from one person to the next)
What is the three term contingency?
- the behavior is maintained by its antecedents and consequences?
What are the two types of reinforcement?
-positive
-negative
Define ABA:
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is an applied practice intended to increase functional, adaptive behavior, reduce mal-adaptive or inappropriate behavior, and teach and maintain needed skills.
- An intensive systematic approach to long term behavior change.
What does A stand for?
What does B stand for? What does C stand for?
A = antecedent, what happened immediately prior to the behavior
B = behavior, the specific behavior/response we're looking at
C = consequence, what happened immediately following the behavior.
Describe the two part definition of positive reinforcement.
-the addition of preferred stimulus
-increases future occurrences of the response it follows
What do we use ABA to do?
- to treat behavior deficits and excesses
- skill acquisition (build developmental skills, communication skills, functional living skills, tolerance skills)
- behavior reduction (eliminate or reduce inappropriate or mal-adaptive behaviors)
We focus on the ________ variables.
- environmental (the words or actions of others, any stimuli that are present, sensory events)
Describe the two part definition of negative reinforcement.
- the removal of a non-preferred or aversive stimulus
- increases future occurrences of the response that follows it
What is behavior?
-behavior is anything that a living organism does (ex. physical actions, communication, learning behaviors).
-behaviors MUST be personable and measurable.
Behavior must be ________ and _________.
- observable and measurable
Identify the two types of punishment and describe them
-positive - the addition of a non-preferred or adversive stimulus; decreases future occurrences of the response.
-negative - the removal of a preferred stimulus (reinforcer); decreases future occurrences of the response.
- description should include
-who, what, when, where, for how long
ex. JD hit his sister three times with in back with closed first, fell to gym floor, flailed legs and screamed "no share" for 3.30 minutes.
Scenario: a therapist places a bowl of M&Ms in-front of Johnny. Johnny uses the sign for candy, and the therapist gives him a few M&Ms.
A=
B=
C=
A= M&Ms are placed in-front of Johnny B= Johnny signs "candy"
C= Therapists gives Johnny a few M&Ms
What is an extinction burst?
-the increase in the frequency, duration or magnitude (or any combination of these) of a behavior; typically seen after you stop reinforcing that behavior.