Part 4A (Autism & ABA)
Define ASD:
- Autism is a developmental disability that results in challenges in communication and social interactions as well as restrictive interests and repetitive behavior. (spectrum disorder: meaning severity and symptoms vary from one person to the next)
What is the three term contingency?
- the behavior is maintained by its antecedents and consequences?
What are the two types of reinforcement?
-positive
-negative
T/F Escape is a negative reinforcement.
True
T/F Most of the time, if not always we do extinction procedure alone without any other teachings.
False
Define ABA:
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is an applied practice intended to increase functional, adaptive behavior, reduce mal-adaptive or inappropriate behavior, and teach and maintain needed skills.
- An intensive systematic approach to long term behavior change.
What does A stand for?
What does B stand for? What does C stand for?
A = antecedent, what happened immediately prior to the behavior
B = behavior, the specific behavior/response we're looking at
C = consequence, what happened immediately following the behavior.
Describe the two part definition of positive reinforcement.
-the addition of preferred stimulus
-increases future occurrences of the response it follows
"The function answers the _______ question"
The WHY question
What does behavior result in?
-getting access to something
What do we use ABA to do?
- to treat behavior deficits and excesses
- skill acquisition (build developmental skills, communication skills, functional living skills, tolerance skills)
- behavior reduction (eliminate or reduce inappropriate or mal-adaptive behaviors)
We focus on the ________ variables.
- environmental (the words or actions of others, any stimuli that are present, sensory events)
Describe the two part definition of negative reinforcement.
- the removal of a non-preferred or aversive stimulus
- increases future occurrences of the response that follows it
What are the common functions?
-Access
-Attention
-Escape/Avoidance
-Automatic reinforcement
T/F Access and attention are negative reinforcements.
False
What is behavior?
-behavior is anything that a living organism does (ex. physical actions, communication, learning behaviors).
-behaviors MUST be personable and measurable.
Behavior must be ________ and _________.
- observable and measurable
Identify the two types of punishment and describe them
-positive - the addition of a non-preferred or adversive stimulus; decreases future occurrences of the response.
-negative - the removal of a preferred stimulus (reinforcer); decreases future occurrences of the response.
What is the common example of automatic reinforcement you'll see?
Self-stimulatory or sensory-seeking
When reducing or eliminating behavior without teaching a replacement only teaches ______
What not to do
- description should include
-who, what, when, where, for how long
ex. JD hit his sister three times with in back with closed first, fell to gym floor, flailed legs and screamed "no share" for 3.30 minutes.
Scenario: a therapist places a bowl of M&Ms in-front of Johnny. Johnny uses the sign for candy, and the therapist gives him a few M&Ms.
A=
B=
C=
A= M&Ms are placed in-front of Johnny B= Johnny signs "candy"
C= Therapists gives Johnny a few M&Ms
What is an extinction burst?
-the increase in the frequency, duration or magnitude (or any combination of these) of a behavior; typically seen after you stop reinforcing that behavior.
What are the two primary reasons that function is so important?
-It allows to determine wheat we need to do to reduce behavior
-It tells us what skills we need to teach in place of the inappropriate behavior
What is automatic reinforcement?
Behavior that reinforces itself, it is automatic in that simply doing it produces the reinforcement, no event has to follow it, no one else has to do anything.