#1-5
1. What is the intentional murder of a group of people based on their culture or race?
Genocide
6. What problem did the Europeans hope to avoid by having the Berlin Conference?
they hoped to avoid war/fighting with one another, so they partitioned the land of Africa
11. What impact did the WWI and WWII have on the nationalist movements in Africa?
They thought they deserved their freedom and independence like the Europeans had, since they fought for the Europeans in both WWI and WWII.
16. What do nationalist movements usually result in?
the people fighting for independence to control their own governments; leads to greater demand for independence
21. How were the nationalist movements in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria similar?
Nationalism, Pan-Africanism, and British colonies
26. What do MLK, Jr. and Mandela have in common?
Non-violent civil disobedience (peaceful protesting)
2. Why did the Europeans want to colonize Africa?
a. Spread Christianity
b. Get More Natural Resources
c. Get New Customers to Sell To
d. For Prestige, Reputation
7. How did the Europeans divide Africa?
They met at the Berlin Conference in 1884 and decided which parts of Africa each country would get (divided/partitioned the land)
12. List three effects of colonialism on Africa that might be seen as “positive.”
building schools, roads, health care, improved communication and transportation, increased trade
17. Nigeria used political pressure to gain its independence. Give examples of political pressure.
peaceful protests, marches, negotiations, voting different people into office/power
22. What is the root cause of most of the current problems concerning civil wars, ethnic conflict, and political boundaries in Africa?
artificial boundaries created by European rule (Berlin Conference, 1884)
27. What is apartheid?
a policy of racial segregation. (Separating blacks and whites based on their race only – separate public facilities, laws that separated the races)
3. What enabled the Europeans to easily colonize Africa starting in the late 1800s? List three things.
New technologies like steam ships and maxim machine guns (the Africans did not have)
Quinine medicine to treat Malaria
8. Artificial political borders lead to ____________ and _____________.
Artificial political borders lead to conflict and war.
13. List three of the negative effects on colonialism.
wars, civil wars, weak economies, ethnic conflict, loss of natural resources, forced to work with low wages, mistreated
18. Who were the Mau Mau?
A nationalist group in Kenya – a group of Kenyans who fought the British in violent battles for independence.
23. What is Pan-Africanism?
A political movement to unite Africa as a continent; to become a unified political force to end European rule
28. List 3 ways that apartheid limited the rights of black South Africans
a. Separate Public Facilities (Like Bathrooms)
b. Laws that made it illegal for blacks and whites to marry
c. Blacks couldn’t participate in government
4. What two European countries colonized the most countries of Africa?
Great Britain and France
9. Why did the Europeans draw in the artificial boundaries of Africa the way they did?
they created borders according to natural resources and did not consider ethnic groups (this has caused conflict to this day)
14. Many leaders of the nationalist movements in Africa were educated in Europe. What did they learn there?
How to form political parties. How to use politics to win independence. What democracy is.
19. Why did Great Britain grant Kenya independence even though they won the Mau Mau Rebellion?
Great Britain knew most Kenyans supported the Mau Mau and nationalism; they did not want to keep fighting the Kenyans (too costly)
24. What is the purpose of Pan-Africanism?
Developed a unified political identity in Africa and for Africans around the world; work towards independence from Europeans, and improved conditions Africans world wide
29. Which two leaders worked together to end apartheid in South Africa?
Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk
5. When was the Berlin Conference, and what was the result of the conference for Africa?
1884; the European nations controlled almost all of Africa and they created artificial borders (partitioned the land)
10. Describe the treatment of Africans under European rule.
they believed the African culture was inferior; treated as unequal, with less rights; discriminated against
15. What is nationalism?
the intense belief and pride in one's country; inspired Africans to fight for independence and end the harsh treatment of European colonial rule
20. After the Europeans left Africa, what typically happened within the newly independent African countries?
wars, civil wars, and political and ethnic conflict caused by artificial borders; poorly organized governments
25. What modern day organization came out of Pan-Africanism?
African Union or AU